Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 380-396).

The Seiland Igneous Province, of which 5400 km2 is exposed, is hosted within a discrete terrane within the northernmost part of the Caledonian orogenic belt. The Province consists of numerous mafic and ultramafic plutons emplaced into a sedimentary succession indicative of a continental setting. Accompanying this mafic magmatism is a significant volume of intermediate monzonitic and dioritic rock (10% of the total exposed igneous rock), as well as numerous nepheline syenite and carbonatitic intrusions. This study reports ID-TIMS U-Pb analyses on magmatic zircons from a range of intrusions, which indicate that the bulk of the Seiland magmatism took place between 560 Ma and 570 Ma, whereas previous studies had produced a range of ages between 420 Ma and 830 Ma. The data indicate that only one magmatic episode is represented in the rocks of the Seiland Igneous Province, invalidating previous models involving multiple rifting events over a period of 300 m.y. Detailed geochemical investigation of several plutons from an evolved high alkali suite of gabbroic intrusions in the Seiland Igneous Province has shown that these plutons are generally enriched in trace elements compared to layered intrusions from other areas across the globe, but that geochemically the gabbros are relatively homogenous. The rocks yield εHf and εNd values for the gabbroic rocks ranging from +8 to -6 and from +4 to -4, respectively, indicative of the contamination of mantlederived material with crustal material. The most primitive isotopic values are similar to those obtained from the carbonatites and nepheline syenites, indicating the same mantle source gave rise to the magmas that were subsequently emplaced as the Seiland Igneous Province. The homogeneous trace element content of the different mafic rocks most likely indicates a relatively homogeneous mantle source for the original magmas of the province, which has subsequently been affected by processes of assimilation and crustal contamination. The monzonitic and dioritic bodies in the Seiland Igneous Province are not derived from melted silicic crustal material and may have been formed by the melting of pre-existing mafic material. The new geochronology invalidates the metamorphic framework previously proposed for the Seiland Igneous Province, which postulated several orogenic events between the emplacement of the magmas and the Caledonian Orogeny. There is no evidence for metamorphic activity in the period between 570 Ma and 420 Ma, and there are monazites in gneissic rocks hosted within mafic rocks of Seiland age that preserve an age of 640 Ma. This leads to the conclusion that only one metamorphic event, the 420 Ma Caledonian Orogeny caused by the collision of Baltica and Laurentia, affected the Seiland terrane after the emplacement of the Seiland magmas. The new data obtained lead to a model for the evolution of the Seiland Province in which a number of heavily modified and contaminated mantle-derived mafic magmas derived from the mantle were emplaced into the continental crust of the Seiland nappe between 560 and 570 Ma. This magmatism was accompanied by the injection of alkaline magmas into the same area of the crust, and the melting of mafic rock emplaced earlier. This magmatic event is considered to have occurred in an extensional stress regime, possibly during intracontinental rifting or back-arc spreading. This event took place well before the 420 Ma Caledonian Orogeny, and thus the Seiland Igneous Province can be considered a remnant of an older geological terrane that was emplaced onto the margin of Baltica during the Caledonian Orogeny.

Thesis--Oslo. / Thesis statement from slip inserted. Includes index. Bibliography: p. [333]-337.

Thesis--Oslo. / Thesis statement from slip inserted. Includes index. Bibliography: p. [333]-337.

The Arctic regions are currently undergoing transformative changes linked to globalization and climate change, which pose challenges for current governance structures. This thesis investigates governance in times of change through the lens of reindeer pastoralism, and the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK)- based management in reindeer herding. While studies increasingly highlight the benefits of incorporating TEK into governance, a central challenge remains in finding ways to ensure integration. To contribute such knowledge, this thesis analyses how reindeer-herding local management systems interact with multiple processes of governance steering reindeer pastoralism, and the ways TEK is negotiated in such interactions. Theoretically, the thesis draws on literature on multi-level governance as an analytical framework for engaging with different types of governance processes and actors, and the literature on TEK to conceptualize local social institutions. Methodologically, a qualitative bottom-up methodological strategy (with local reindeer-herding groups and constellations – siidas, brigadas – forming the central starting point for the research) was adopted, focusing on cases from reindeer pastoralism in western Finnmark in northern Norway and Yamal in northwest Siberia. The results show that local reindeer herding organizations are incorporated into processes of governance through participatory, representative and deliberative processes for decision-making. Yet, such incorporation has not facilitated integration of the TEK to processes of governance. A central challenge is that current governance processes are formalized in a way that do not accommodate non-scientific ways of knowing, or non hierarchical consensus-based decision- making. The thesis thus highlights the need for holistic strategies for how to include TEK in governance. Co-management and participatory processes alone are not enough. / IPY EALÁT, the Reindeer Herders Vulnerability Network Study / RUF: Forvaltning i endring