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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Determinação de disruptores endócrinos em filé de peixe utilizando QuEChERS modificado e GC-(TQ)MS/MS / Determination of endocrine disrupters in fish fillet by modified QuEChERS and GC-(TQ)MS/MS

Munaretto, Juliana Scariot 27 February 2012 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Endocrine Disrupter Compounds (EDCs) like pesticides, alkylphenols and hormones among other classes of compounds are responsible for alterations in the endocrine system functions. Endocrine disruption occurs when EDCs interact with the hormone receptors, altering the natural response patterns of the endocrine system. Aquatic organisms, such as fish, are able to accumulate EDCs residues in concentration several times higher than the surrounding water. Consequently, fish is a major source of contamination for both top predators and human consumers. This study aimed to develop and validate a fast method for the determination of 40 endocrine disrupters in fish fillet, using modified QuEChERS and Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry in tandem, using a triple quadrupole analyzer (GC-(TQ)MS/MS). A factorial design was performed to optimize the extraction procedure, which consist of the extraction of 10.0 g of fish fillet with 10.0 mL of acetonitrile with 1% (v/v) of acetic acid followed by manual shaking for 1 min. In the partition step 2.0 g of sodium chloride, 1.7 g of anhydrous sodium acetate and 0.3 g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate were added, followed by shaking and centrifugation at 3400 rpm for 8 min. Then the extract was transferred to a 15 mL polypropylene tube containing the C18 and PSA sorbents, beyond the anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After shaking and centrifuging, the supernatant was filtered and analyzed by GC-(TQ)MS/MS. The method was validated by spiking the blank sample at three concentration levels (10, 25 and 50 Ug kg-1) obtaining recovery values between 70.1 to 120.0% for 36 of the 40 endocrine disrupters evaluated. RSD values below 20% ensured the good precision of the method. The linearity was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (r2) with values higher than 0.996 for all compounds. The matrix effect was evaluated, and it was pretty intense for most compounds, with values exceeding 10%. This effect was compensated using analytical curves obtained with standards prepared in blank matrix extracts. This method was applied in 6 samples of fish fillet from different species. Residues of bisphenol A, chlorpyrifos and bifenthrin were detected. Therefore, the modified QuEChERS method proved to be appropriated for the determination of endocrine disrupters in fish fillet using GC-(TQ)MS/MS since it showed to be effective and can be applied to routine analysis. / Compostos conhecidos como disruptores endócrinos (DEs), tais como agrotóxicos, alquilfenóis, hormônios, dentre outras classes de substâncias são responsáveis pela alteração de funções do sistema endócrino. Esse efeito ocorre quando os DEs interagem com os receptores hormonais, alterando os padrões de resposta natural do sistema endócrimo. Os organismos aquáticos, como os peixes são capazes de acumular concentrações de DEs várias vezes superiores a água ao seu redor. Consequentemente, os peixes são uma importante fonte de contaminação para seus predadores e consumidores humanos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar um método rápido para a determinação de 40 disruptores endócrinos em filé de peixe (jundiá), utilizando QuEChERS modificado e Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada à Espectrometria de Massas em série, empregando analisador triplo quadrupolo (GC-(TQ)MS/MS). Utilizou-se do planejamento fatorial em estrela para otimização do procedimento de extração, o qual consiste da extração de 10,0 g de filé de peixe com 10,0 mL de acetonitrila/1% (v/v) ácido acético seguido de agitação manual por 1 min. Na etapa de partição adicionou-se 2,0 g de cloreto de sódio, 1,7 g de acetato de sódio anidro e 0,3 g de sulfato de magnésio anidro. Realizou-se agitação por 1 min e centrifugação a 3400 rpm por 8 min. Em seguida, o extrato foi transferido para um tubo de polipropileno de 15 mL contendo os sorventes C18 e PSA, além de sulfato de magnésio anidro. Foi realizada a agitação manual e centrifugação, o extrato foi filtrado e analisado por GC-(TQ)MS/MS. O método foi validado fortificando a amostra branco em três níveis de concentração (10, 25 e 50 Ug kg-1) obtendo valores de recuperação entre 70,1 e 120,0% para 36 dos 40 disruptores endócrinos avaliados. Valores de RSD inferiores a 20% garantiram a boa precisão do método. A linearidade foi avaliada utilizando o coeficiente de determinação (r2) sendo este maior que 0,996 para todos os compostos. O efeito matriz foi avaliado, o qual foi bastante intenso para a maioria dos compostos, com valores superiores a 10%. O efeito matriz foi compensado utilizando-se curvas analíticas preparadas no extrato branco da matriz. A aplicação do método foi realizada em 6 amostras de filé de peixe de diferentes espécies, nas quais resíduos de bisfenol A, clorpirifós etílico e bifentrina foram encontrados. O método QuEChERS modificado proposto para a determinação de disruptores endócrinos em filé de peixe utilizando GC-(TQ)MS/MS mostrou ser eficaz, podendo ser aplicado em análise de rotina.
2

A Neural Network Based System to Recognize, Detect and Locate Sealworm Parasitic Infestations on Cod Fish Fillet Images / Neural Network System to Recognize Parasites on Fish Images

Aryee, Emmanuel 04 1900 (has links)
In this project, an investigation of a neural network based system is used to examine the following: a) the possibility and practicability of analysing and recognising parasites/sealworms on a parasite/sealworm infested cod fish images, b) the most efficient but robust way of presenting data to the neural network for efficient training and generalisation. The basic problem is to automate the sorting of sealworm infested cod fish from good normal cod fish using a neural network based system. The generalised back propagation supervised learning algorithm is used and both steepest descent and conjugate gradient methods are investigated. Various data representation schemes in unprocessed and processed formats before presentation for training of the neural network, are also examined. Finally the level of recognition achieved by the neural network when presented with the cod fish images is computed. Thus in this project an attempt is made to analyse and find the best components for solving the basic problem and then use this information to develop a neural network based system to recognise, detect and locate parasite/sealworms on cod fish images. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

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