This thesis explores the role for social work in addressing government policies that threaten the sustainability of small coastal communities. The response of government and industry to the globalization of trade and resource degradation is at odds with the needs of people. Utilizing a case study methodology the development and implementation of the Pacific Salmon Revitalization Plan is explored. This department of fisheries plan to rationalize the fishery was highly contested on the grounds that it took jobs out of small coastal communities. It was accused of benefiting the large fishing corporations and the urban based fishing fleet, which had the capital to profit from the plan. Concentrated opposition from coastal communities, fishers, advocacy groups and academics was unsuccessful in changing the plan. The assumptions of modernism - expert knowledge, scientific rationality and orthodox economics - as well as distorted communications, were postulated to be behind this lack of success. A post modern analysis suggests that a successful challenge to the plan would have incorporated the local knowledge of fishers and coastal communities within a process of fair and equitable public discourse aimed at reaching intersubjectively mediated understanding. For social work this demonstrates the need to work conjointly with communities and affected groups to identify the modernist assumptions on which policy decisions are based and develop locally derived alternatives to these assumptions. And most importantly, that the focus of social change efforts be on demanding a process for discussion and decision-making that ensures that the concerns of effected individuals will be fairly addressed. / Arts, Faculty of / Social Work, School of / Graduate

The main aim of the study is to assess the productivity and supply chain of aquaculture projects in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The research adopted the use of quantitative method; and collected data and information from the five regions that make up the province. Both primary and secondary data were collected. The study used correlation analyses to determine the perfect fit or negative fit of some variables to supply chain as well as the consumers‟ reactions to the questionnaires. Gross margin analysis as well as gross profit margin ratio was used to determine the profitability of aquaculture production in the province. Findings of the study revealed underutilization of production capacities of the established fish farms. The fish farmers in the study are currently using 36% of the capacities of the established aquaculture projects in the study area. The profit margin was in excess of 40% in all the projects surveyed. The study further revealed lack of proper, effective and efficient supply chain for aquaculture projects which adversely affect aquaculture growth and sustainability in Gauteng Province / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

No description available.

Typescript. / Bibliography: leaves 267-273. / Photocopy. / Microfilm. / xi, 273 leaves, bound ill., map 29 cm

The marine fishery in Kenya is predominantly small-scale and artisanal with about 11,000 fishers intensely fishing near shore coastal reefs using minimally selective fishing gears. A large majority (88%) of fishers use outdated equipment such as basket traps, beach seines, hand lines (hook and lines), fence traps, gillnets, spearguns and cast nets. Handmade canoes propelled by paddles (kasia) or sail power are used to access offshore waters, while only a few fishers have motorized boats. Although fishers along this coast know and express the potential of offshore fishing, most of them are disempowered and unable to access any of the largely untapped offshore pelagic resources. Using a unique dataset from four distinct coastal areas: Funzi-Shirazi bay area, Diani-Chale area, Mombasa-Kilifi north coast area and the Malindi-Ungwana bay area, containing species level length frequency catch data from the multi-gear and multi-species fishery, abundance of specific species, gear use comparisons in various regions, catch per unit effort and total catch estimate over a nine year period (2001 – 2009) were evaluated. Despite high diversity in the fishery, five species (Lethrinus lentjan, Siganus sutor, Leptoscarus vaigiensis, Lethrinus harak and Parupeneus macronemus) represented over 75% of the catch. A total of 11 legitimate gears were observed in this coastal artisanal fishery with basket traps (42%) being the most popular. Fishers along the Mombasa-Kilifi area predominatly used beach seines while those in Diani-Chale, Malindi-Ungwana bay and Funzi-shirazi bay predominaltly used spearguns, gillnets and basket traps, respectively. Apart from gillnets, a general declining trend for most of the gear types was observed since 2004. Beach seines recorded the lowest (20.9±0.2 cm) mean length while gillnets recorded the highest (34.2±0.3 cm). The highest catch (~26,000 metric tons) came in 2001 and the lowest (~15,000 metric tons) in 2005. The highest number of fishers was observed in 2008 while 2009 recorded the highest (4.8±2.3) mean number of hours per outing. The mean annual CPUE per region ranged from (1.5 kg.fisher-1.hr-1) in Diani-Chale to (1.0 kg.fisher-1.hr-1) in Malindi-Ungwana bay. Making use of questionnaire data, the attitudes towards offshore fishing strategies, FADs in particular, were evaluated. Some communities (about 25% in every location) were not even aware of FAD fisheries. With the imminent introduction of a FAD fishery in Kenya, it was concluded that, for this fishery to realize its full potential, training on FAD fishing techniques has to be done. Finally, effective management is necessary if small-scale fisheries are to continue providing food security for many poor coastal communities. Gear-based management in Kenya, although under represented and under studied, has the potential to be adaptive, address multiple objectives, and be crafted to the socio-economic setting. Management effectiveness in near shore fisheries has generally been evaluated at the scale of the fish community. However, community level indicators can mask species-specific declines that provide significant portions of the fisheries yields and income. This thesis seeks to identify ways in which the Kenyan artisanal fishery can be sustained and managed from within coastal communities, giving them the resources and education to effectively improve their lives. The introduction of a offshore FAD fishery and hence access to offshore pelagic species provides an opportunity to not only alleviate pressure on coastal resources but also to empower coastal communities and contribute to the growth of Kenya’s national economy as a whole.

Orientador: Márcio Antonio Cataia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T20:18:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Queiroz_GreizieneAraujo_M.pdf: 4576573 bytes, checksum: 8de4282b467a778c9c217e2e0214af9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo norteador deste trabalho é compreender as dinâmicas econômicas ligadas à pesca, que geram trabalho e renda para uma boa parcela da população do município de Ilhéus-BA. Tendo como foco o circuito inferior da economia urbana. Ilhéus tem parte de sua economia baseada em um circuito espacial produtivo pesqueiro local e regional. Nesse sentido, nossa pesquisa aborda o circuito inferior da economia urbana, cuja variável-chave é a produção do pescado. Esta é exercida por trabalhadores autônomos ou através de relações de trabalho em parcerias, que utilizam pequenas quantias de capital e meio de produção simples, com tecnologia e metodologia de captura pouco mecanizada e baseada em conhecimentos empíricos. Para caracterizar a pesca em Ilhéus foi necessário considerar: a pesca como atividade de resistência, o período técnico-científico informacional, o perfil socioeconômico dos pescadores, os agentes não hegemônicos da economia urbana e as diversas atividades envolvidas na formação de um circuito espacial produtivo (produção, circulação, troca e consumo). Assim, o circuito inferior da pesca oferece à população pobre de Ilhéus subsistência, ocupação e renda, através do uso do território como abrigo / Abstract: The guiding objective of this work is to understand the economic dynamics fishing-related, which generate jobs and income for a good portion of the population of the city of Ilhéus-BA. Focusing on the lower circuit of the urban economy, Ilhéus has part of its economy based on a regional and local fisheries productive space circuit. In this sense, our research focuses on the lower circuit of the urban economy, whose key variable is the production of fish. This is carried out by self-employed or through a working relationship in partnerships that use small amounts of capital and means of simple production, with technology and methodology of capture little mechanized and based on empirical knowledge. To characterize the fishing in Ilhéus, it was necessary to consider: fishing as resistance activity; the technical-scientific-informational period, the socioeconomic profile of the fishermen, the non-hegemonic agents of the urban economy and the various activities involved in the formation of a productive space circuits (production, circulation, exchange and consumption). Thus, the lower circuit of fishing offers to the poor population of the Ilhéus livelihood, occupation and income through use of the land as shelter / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

No description available.

At the 1996 World Fisheries Congress, Donald A. McCaughran declared seventyfive years of regulatory success for the International Pacific Halibut Commission. The Commission's mandate was to reverse the precipitous decline in halibut stocks that had become apparent in the 1910's, and save this fishery from economic extinction. The biologists and fishermen who sat on the Commission assumed that the appropriate biological target was the one that yielded the maximum sustainable harvest. Using a bioeconomic model of the fishery and regression analysis, I argue the Commission's use of global quotas to achieve its biological goal of maximum sustained yield was most certainly an economic failure. I also argue its policies were very likely a biological failure, as well. While arguably accomplishing its biological goal of the maximum sustainable yield in 1960, dynamic bioeconomic theory indicates their policies probably destabilized the biological fishery. The paper will first sketch the historical background of the industry. Then the regulatory history will be discussed. Then the economic literature will be reviewed as it applies to the Pacific halibut industry. Finally, the historical data will be examined and the proposition that the regulatory management of the halibut fishery was a success will be tested. The period 1928 to 1960 is covered as it provides both reliable data and a continuous period of regulation, at the end of which the biological goal of maximum sustainable yields was apparently achieved. In conclusion, I find that statistically the fishermen were insensitive to the direct effects of the quota and the total quantity of fish available, and instead responded to the quota's indirect effects on the fishermen's costs, which induced the inflow of greater fishing capital than otherwise would have occurred.

At the 1996 World Fisheries Congress, Donald A. McCaughran declared seventyfive years of regulatory success for the International Pacific Halibut Commission. The Commission's mandate was to reverse the precipitous decline in halibut stocks that had become apparent in the 1910's, and save this fishery from economic extinction. The biologists and fishermen who sat on the Commission assumed that the appropriate biological target was the one that yielded the maximum sustainable harvest. Using a bioeconomic model of the fishery and regression analysis, I argue the Commission's use of global quotas to achieve its biological goal of maximum sustained yield was most certainly an economic failure. I also argue its policies were very likely a biological failure, as well. While arguably accomplishing its biological goal of the maximum sustainable yield in 1960, dynamic bioeconomic theory indicates their policies probably destabilized the biological fishery. The paper will first sketch the historical background of the industry. Then the regulatory history will be discussed. Then the economic literature will be reviewed as it applies to the Pacific halibut industry. Finally, the historical data will be examined and the proposition that the regulatory management of the halibut fishery was a success will be tested. The period 1928 to 1960 is covered as it provides both reliable data and a continuous period of regulation, at the end of which the biological goal of maximum sustainable yields was apparently achieved. In conclusion, I find that statistically the fishermen were insensitive to the direct effects of the quota and the total quantity of fish available, and instead responded to the quota's indirect effects on the fishermen's costs, which induced the inflow of greater fishing capital than otherwise would have occurred. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

MGS / Institute for Gender and Youth Studies