Stroke is the third leading cause of mortality in the United States, and so far, no clinical interventions have been shown completely effective in stroke treatment. Stroke may result in hypoxia, glutamate release and oxidative stress. One approach for protecting neurons from excitotoxic damage in stroke is to attenuate receptor activity with specific antagonists. Disulfiram requires bio-activation to S-methyl N, N-diethylthiolcarbamate sulfoxide (DETC-MeSO). In vivo, DETC-MeSO is further oxidized to the sulfone which is carbamoylated forming Carbamathione, a glutathione adducts. Carbamathione proved to be useful as a pharmacological agent in the treatment of cocaine dependence with the advantage that it lacks ALDH2 inhibitory activity. Carbamathione is a partial NMDA glutamate antagonist. The purpose of this dissertation study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Carbamathione drug on PC-12 cell line and to understand the protective mechanisms underlying in three stroke-related models: excessive glutamate, hypoxia/reoxygenation and bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCAO). Carbamathione was administered 14 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 days with the first injection occurring 30 min after occlusion in the mouse BCAO stroke model. Mice were subjected to the locomotor test, and the brain was analyzed for infarct size. Heat shock proteins, key proteins involved in apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, were analyzed by immunoblotting. Carbamathione reduced both cell death following hypoxia/reoxygenation and brain infarct size. It improved performance on the locomotor test. The level of pro-apoptotic proteins declined, and anti-apoptotic, P-AKT and HSP27 protein expressions were markedly increased. We found that Carbamathione suppresses the up- regulation of Caspase-12, Caspase-3 and significantly declined ER stress protein markers GRP 78, ATF4, XBP-1, and CHOP. Carbamathione can down- regulate ATF 4 and XBP1 expression, indicating that Carbamathione inhibits the ER stress induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation through suppressing PERK and IRE1 pathways. Carbamathione elicits neuroprotection through the preservation of ER resulting in reduction of apoptosis by increase of anti-apoptotic proteins and decrease of pro-apoptotic proteins. Carbamathione can suppress the activation of both PERK and IRE1 pathways in PC-12 cell cultures and has no inhibitory effect on ATF6 pathway. These findings provide promising and rational strategies for stroke therapy. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The current studies tested the hypothesis, that early exposure is sufficient for nativelike proficiency. Study 1 compared the English skill of 116 5 year olds who had been exposed to English and Spanish from birth with English monolingual and found that the bilingual children had significantly lower levels of vocabulary skill. Study 2 assessed 65 adult bilinguals, comparing them to 25 English and 25 Spanish monolinguals on a battery of language measures. The bilinguals had lower scores in Spanish in 7 of the 8 domains of language skill measured. The bilinguals were not different from the English monolingual speakers in most, but not all, aspects of language proficiency. These findings provide evidence that the monolingual-bilingual gap observed in childhood is no longer evident among adult bilinguals, but that despite early exposure and continued use into adulthood, second generation immigrants are not native-like in their heritage language skills. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Ubiquitous media communications technology necessitates democratic and critical media literacy education for developing an active 21st century polity. This study analyzed the context of democratic and critical media competencies in national curriculum standards across Australia, England, and the United States. This, based on Lefebvre’s (1991) conception of conceived space, where standards operate as manifest educational policy and as a basis for establishing good practice. The study employed a multi-theoretical approach to textual analysis, within Bereday’s (1964) comparative structure of inquiry. A critical policy lens supported the contextualization of ideological influences that frame democratic and critical media literacies in standards, per Bay-Cheng, Fitz, Alizaga, and Zucker’s (2015) neoliberal subscales. A purposive sample of civics and citizenship, English/English language arts, and media arts/studies was employed. Differences across three main indicators were identified: socio-cultural and youth-based concerns, personal growth via media production and other skills development, and reasoning and communication skills improvement. The neoliberal influences on curricular standards were subsequently explored across three emerging themes: identity politics, problem-based and critical inquiry experiences, and the inclusion of digital new media in curriculum inquiry. Though recognized in the countries’ standards as multifaceted and complex, each obfuscates identity in some way. Both England and the United States inadequately confront race, class, gender, socio-economic status, cultural commodification, and youthbased issues. Though not overtly neoliberal, the Australian standards present identity hegemonically. The role of media is somewhat siloed from the curriculum’s conceptions of identity and active citizenship across all three countries. The English standards are least adept at developing learners’ understandings of the influence of media on identity development, whereas both England and the United States over-emphasize text to the neglect of new media understandings. An apolitical view of media literacy, accompanied by techno-economic terminology, is pervasive in U.S. standards. Despite a counter-critical approach to the framing of its curriculum priorities, Australia presents the most balanced view of democratic/critical media citizenship. England’s standards reflect neoliberal-communitarian citizenship and largely neglect critical questioning. Whereas the United States takes a similarly cosmopolitan view of citizenship to Australia and England, the standards fail to comprehensively explore the links between digital democracy and political engagement. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The study of random polynomials and in particular the number and behavior of zeros of random polynomials have been well studied, where the rst signi cant progress was made by Kac, nding an integral formula for the expected number of zeros of real zeros of polynomials with real coe cients. This formula as well as adaptations of the formula to complex polynomials and random elds show an interesting dependency of the number and distribution of zeros on the particular method of randomization. Three prevalent models of signi cant study are the Kostlan model, the Weyl model, and the naive model in which the coe cients of the polynomial are standard Gaussian random variables. A harmonic polynomial is a complex function of the form h(z) = p(z) + q(z) where p and q are complex analytic polynomials. Li and Wei adapted the Kac integral formula for the expected number of zeros to study random harmonic polynomials and take particular interest in their interpretation of the Kostlan model. In this thesis we nd asymptotic results for the number of zeros of random harmonic polynomials under both the Weyl model and the naive model as the degree of the harmonic polynomial increases. We compare the ndings to the Kostlan model as well as to the analytic analogs of each model. We end by establishing results which lead to open questions and conjectures about random harmonic polynomials. We ask and partially answer the question, \When does the number and behavior of the zeros of a random harmonic polynomial asymptotically emulate the same model of random complex analytic polynomial as the degree increases?" We also inspect the variance of the number of zeros of random harmonic polynomials, motivating the work by the question of whether the distribution of the number of zeros concentrates near its as the degree of the harmonic polynomial increases. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Gravitational N-body problems are central in classical mathematical physics. Studying their long time behavior raises subtle questions about the interplay between regular and irregular motions and the boundary between integrable and chaotic dynamics. Over the last hundred years, concepts from the qualitative theory of dynamical systems such as stable/unstable manifolds, homoclinic and heteroclinic tangles, KAM theory, and whiskered invariant tori, have come to play an increasingly important role in the discussion. In the last fty years the study of numerical methods for computing invariant objects has matured into a thriving sub-discipline. This growth is driven at least in part by the needs of the world's space programs. Recent work on validated numerical methods has begun to unify the computational and analytical perspectives, enriching both aspects of the subject. Many of these results use computer assisted proofs, a tool which has become increasingly popular in recent years. This thesis presents a proof that the circular restricted four body problem is non-integrable. The proof of this result is obtained as an application of more general rigorous numerical methods in nonlinear analysis. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

E-Learning is transforming the delivery of education. Today, millions of students take selfpaced online courses. However, the content and language complexity often hinders comprehension, and that with lack of immediate help from the instructor leads to weaker learning outcomes. Ability to predict difficult content in real time enables eLearning systems to adapt content as per students' level of learning. The recent introduction of lowcost eye trackers has opened a new class of applications based on eye response. Eye tracking devices can record eye response on the visual element or concept in real time. The response and the variations in eye response to the same concept over time may be indicative of the levels of learning. In this study, we have analyzed reading patterns using eye tracker and derived 12 eye response features based on psycholinguistics, contextual information processing, anticipatory behavior analysis, recurrence fixation analysis, and pupils' response. We use eye responses to predict the level of learning for a term/concept. One of the main contribution is the spatio-temporal analysis of the eye response on a term/concept to derive relevant first pass (spatial) and reanalysis (temporal) eye response features. A spatiotemporal model, built using these derived features, analyses slide images, extracts words (terms), maps the subject's eye response to words, and prepares a term-response map. A parametric baseline classifier, trained with labeled data (term-response maps) classifies a term/concept as a novel (positive class) or familiar (negative class), using majority voting method. On using, only first pass features for prediction, the baseline classifier shows 61% prediction accuracy, but on adding reanalysis features, baseline achieves 66.92% accuracy for predicting difficult terms. However, all proposed features do not have the same response to learning difficulties for all subjects, as we consider reading as an individual characteristic. Hence, we developed a non-parametric, feature weighted linguistics classifier (FWLC), which assigns weight to features based on their relevance. The FWLC classifier achieves a prediction accuracy of 90.54% an increase of 23.62% over baseline and 29.54% over the first-pass variant of baseline. Predicting novel terms as familiar is more expensive because content adapts by using this information. Hence, our primary goal is to increase the prediction rate of novel terms by minimizing the cost of false predictions. On comparing the performance of FWLC with other frequently used machine learning classifiers, FWLC achieves highest true positive rate (TPR) and lowest ratio of false negative rate (FNR) to false positive rate (FPR). The higher prediction performance of proposed spatio-temporal eye response model to predict levels of learning builds a strong foundation for eye response driven adaptive e-Learning. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Research indicates that there are numerous factors related to dual language proficiency. Furthermore, research suggests that the language skills of bilingual children are very heterogeneous. In this study, we will focus on four outcomes for those receiving dual language input. Those four patterns of outcome are as follows: bilingual children can have high levels of skills in English and Spanish, high skills in English and low skills in the Spanish or vice versa, or low levels of skills in English and Spanish. The present study focused on the prevalence of these four patterns and their concurrent correlates amongst 30 month old (N = 87, 48 females) and 48 month old (N = 74, 40 females) simultaneous English-Spanish bilinguals with special emphasis on the distinguishing factors for those with high dual language skills. Overall, for those with high dual scores, the findings reveal that gender, birth-order, and maternal level of education are predictive of high dual language scores so that members of this group are largely first-born females of mothers with an average 15.8 years of education. English dominant scores were predicted by percent English input in the home and birth-order so that children in this group were mostly later-born children with 65% English input in the home. Spanish dominant scores were predicted by percent English input in the home and Spanish bookreading behaviors as children in this group received 23% of their in-home input in English and were read to for more than one hour per week in Spanish. Low dual scores were marginally predicted by gender and Spanish book-reading behaviors, children in this group were mostly male and received less than an in hour of Spanish reading per week. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Toni Morrison’s later novels Love and Home bring forth an issue of identity anxiety for those involved in the narrative: author, narrators, and readers. Featuring both first-person and third-person narrators, these works offer conflicting narratives in which the writer, Morrison, allows her characters to question her own authorial voice. Greater agency is given to the first-person narrators through which they deconstruct the traditional objectivity of third-person narratives. As such, this thesis argues, the structures of Love and Home extend their inside conversations to the real world of readers who must reconsider where their narrative trust has been. Moreover, Morrison’s challenge to her authorial voice becomes the means through which she questions the hegemony of U.S. historical narratives. In the end, it is the subjective voices of the first-person narrators which offer a more reliable, counter narrative of not only Morrison’s fictional stories, but that of the nation’s historical past. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Real-time eye tracking systems with human-computer interaction mechanism are being adopted to advance user experience in smart devices and consumer electronic systems. Eye tracking systems measure eye gaze and pupil response non-intrusively. This research presents an analysis of eye pupil and gaze response to video structure and content. The set of experiments for this study involved presenting different video content to subjects and measuring eye response with an eye tracker. Results show significant changes in video and scene cuts led to sharp constrictions. User response to videos can provide insights that can improve subjective quality assessment metrics. This research also presents an analysis of the pupil and gaze response to quality changes in videos. The results show pupil constrictions for noticeable changes in perceived quality and higher fixations/saccades ratios with lower quality. Using real-time eye tracking systems for video analysis and quality evaluation can open a new class of applications for consumer electronic systems. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The culmination of my graduate research and investigations is my thesis exhibition Solace; Intimately Remembered Places. This body of paintings is a visual representation of land, water and flora that focuses on my abstraction of nature to extract essential elements that expresses my deep connection to a specific time and place, layered with associated memories. By revisiting a landscape over a sustained period of time, I developed a personal visual vocabulary to communicate the essential abstract forms of nature and record the subtle nuances of color, light, shape, texture, positive and negative space to evoke a particular time and place. I expanded my painting techniques through the addition of a laser cutter. Rooted in a background of graphic design, my thesis also incorporated and included a book form using similar strategies. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.F.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection