Orientador: Eduardo Tavares Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T13:09:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cheade_EduardodeLima_M.pdf: 4329649 bytes, checksum: cccb5144d6d74ac9e7db94da82d1e776 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A utilização de próteses de válvulas cardíacas tanto mecânicas quanto biológicas tem se tornado cada vez mais freqüente. Estas próteses devem ser avaliadas (testes in-vitro e in-vivo) para que sejam utilizadas clinicamente. Os testes de desempenho hidrodinâmico são realizados in vitro, e a análise dos resultados é importante para a classificação e caracterização de uma determinada prótese, sendo atualmente um dos requisitos obrigatórios exigido por órgãos reguladores para a aprovação de próteses a serem empregadas clinicamente. Os testes de desempenho hidrodinâmico são realizados por sistemas complexos, denominados duplicadores de pulso, cuja finalidade é reproduzir o comportamento hidrodinâmico do coração e simular as variáveis fisiológicas às quais as válvulas são normalmente submetidas em condições reais. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido, para uso na empresa Braile Biomédica, utilizando a plataforma de programação LabVIEW®, um programa capaz de fazer a aquisição e interpretação dos sinais de fluxo e pressão provenientes de transdutores específicos, bem como a realização dos cálculos necessários e a geração de um relatório resultante do teste. Também foram desenvolvidos circuitos condicionadores de sinais para os transdutores de pressão e fluxo inerentes ao sistema duplicador de pulso existente na empresa. A partir das medidas e dos gráficos de pressão e fluxo é possível calcular os seguintes parâmetros: área específica do orifício, coeficiente de descarga, fração de regurgitação e índices de performance e eficiência da válvula. / Abstract: It has become very frequent the use of mechanic or biological cardiac valve prostheses. These prostheses must be evaluated (in vitro and in vivo tests) in order to be used clinically. The hydrodynamic performance tests are carried out in vitro. The analyses of the test results are very important for the characterizations and classification of a given prosthesis, being one of mandatory requirements of the regulatory organs in order to approve its clinical use. The hydrodynamic performance tests are carried out by complex systems often called pulse duplicators, which must reproduce the heart hydrodynamic behaviour and simulate the physiological variables that the cardiac valves are submitted in real conditions. In this work it has been developed a software program to be used at Braile Biomedica based on the LabVIEW® platform, capable of acquiring and processing flux and pressure signals from specific transducers, as well as all the necessary calculi and generation of the test results report. It has also been developed the signal conditioning circuits for the pressure and flux transducers inherent to the company pulse duplicator. The following parameters are calculated and reported with several graphics showing flux and pressure signals: orifice specific area, discharge coefficient, regurgitation fraction and valve performance and efficiency indices. / Mestrado / Engenharia Biomedica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Recently it has become more common in the construction of large dams to reuse diversion tunnels as flood discharge tunnels in the final structure. These tunnels handle large flows with the characteristics of open channel flow. When such large hydrological forces act upon a structure there are several problems to be expected. One of these is the occurrence of cavitation, which could have potential hazardous erosion as a consequence. Cavitation is the formation and collapse of bubbles that create a shockwave strong enough to erode the underlying material. The Baihetan dam is one of the largest hydro power projects in China at present. It has three discharge tunnels that all run the risk of developing cavitation damages. By modelling one of the tunnels using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) it is possible to investigate where in the tunnel structure cavitation is likely to occur. This degree project assesses the risk of cavitation erosion in the Baihetan tunnel using the static pressure distribution, the velocity distribution and modern cavitation theory. Several modifications of the tunnel – including alterations in the gradient and construction parameters – are simulated in order to investigate if changes in the design can mitigate the cavitation problem. None of the analysed modifications completely eliminate the problem and aeration is recommended to counteract the problem. This study indicates where cavitation might be a problem in the Baihetan tunnel and can be used as a basis for further research.

iv The primary objective of this study is to understand the mechanism, the hydraulics and the characteristics, of the two-phase flow in horizontal annuli. While achieving this goal, both theoretical and experimental works have been conducted extensively. The METU-PETE-CTMFL (Middle East Technical University, Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Department, Cuttings Transport and Multiphase Flow Laboratory) multiphase flow loop consists of 4.84 m long eccentric horizontal acrylic pipes having 0.1143m inner diameter (I.D) acrylic casing - 0.0571m outer diameter (O.D) drillpipe and 0.0932m I.D acrylic casing - 0.0488m O.D drillipipe geometric configurations. During each experiment, differential pressure loss data obtained from digital and analog pressure transmitters at a given liquid and gas flow rate were recorded. The flow patterns were identified visually. Meanwhile a mechanistic model has been developed. The flow pattern identification criteria proposed originally for twophase flow through pipes by Taitel and Dukler1 has been inherited and modified for the eccentric annular geometry. The complex geometry of eccentric annuli has been represented by a new single diameter definition, namely representative diameter dr. The representative diameter has been used while calculating the pressure losses. A computer code based on the algorithm of the proposed mechanistic model has been developed in Matlab 7.0.4. Both the flow pattern prediction and the frictional pressure loss estimation are compared with the gathered experimental data. Moreover, friction factor correlations have been developed for each flow pattern using experimental data and statistical methods. The performance of the proposed model and the friction factor correlations has been evaluated from experimental data. The mechanistic model developed in this study accurately predicts flow pattern transitions and frictional pressure losses. The model&rsquo / s pressure loss estimations are within &plusmn / 30% for two different annular flow geometries.

The thesis deals with formation of a workplace for preparation gaseous mixtures and their future usage. The main goal of the thesis is testing of new materials which have suitable usage as catalysts. Gaseous mixture is prepared by calorimetric mass flow meters with control valve and multiposition microelectric valve actuators. The next part describes measuring of pressure and temperature and controlling of furnace temperature. The thesis deals with specifications of all devices, their circuitry, communication and program controlling. All devices are controlled by computer with program which is programmed in LabVIEW.

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Submitted by Deyse Queiroz (deysequeirozz@hotmail.com) on 2018-05-24T19:31:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JONAS CARLOS SANTINO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2002..pdf: 8664728 bytes, checksum: 1073738dd910a18404b200d943f370f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-24T19:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JONAS CARLOS SANTINO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2002..pdf: 8664728 bytes, checksum: 1073738dd910a18404b200d943f370f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-08 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a performance de um pivô central rebocável em nível de campo, na Fazenda Capim, localizada no município de Capim-PB. Os resultados da avaliação do equipamento nas três bases estudada levaram a concluir que: o equipamento apresentou bons resultados quando analisado como um todo para as base, constatou-se problemas de uniformidade e de eficiência em alguns setores quando a análise foi feita por raio individualmente, indicando setores com déficit e outros com excesso de água, o equipamento apresentou seus piores resultados quando foi avaliado na base 5, verificou-se que existe uma dispersão das lâminas de água aplicadas em relação ao valor médio, em todas as bases estudadas, as pressões de entrada do pivô nas bases, 4 e 5 estão muito abaixo da pressão recomendada o que resultou numa baixa vazão nestas bases. / The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of a towable pivot center in thefield on Fazenda Capim in the municipal district of Capim-PB. The results of the equipment evaluation of the three studied bases showed that the equipment presented goodresults when analyzed as a whole for them. Uniformity and efficiency problems in some sections were analyzed when the analysis was individually made by ratio, indicating sections with deficit and other with excess of water. The equipment presented their worst results when it was evaluated in base 5. It was verified a dispersion of the applied water sheets in relation to the mean value, in ali studied bases. The pressures on pivot in bases 4 and 5 are a lot below the recommended pressure and resulted in low flow in these bases.

Reservoir testing and analysis are fundamental tools in understanding reservoir hydraulics and hence forecasting reservoir responses. The quality of the analysis is very dependent on the conceptual model used in investigating the responses under different flowing conditions. The use of reservoir testing in the characterization and derivation of reservoir parameters is widely established, especially in conventional oil and gas reservoirs. However, with depleting conventional reserves, the quest for unconventional reservoirs to secure the increasing demand for energy is increasing; which has triggered intensive research in the fields of reservoir characterization. Gas hydrate reservoirs, being one of the unconventional gas reservoirs with huge energy potential, is still in the juvenile stage with reservoir testing as compared to the other unconventional reservoirs. The endothermic dissociation hydrates to gas and water requires addressing multiphase flow and heat energy balance, which has made efforts to develop reservoir testing models in this field difficult. As of now, analytically quantifying the effect on hydrate dissociation on rate and pressure transient responses are till date a huge challenge. During depressurization, the heat energy stored in the reservoir is used up and due to the endothermic nature of the dissociation; heat flux begins from the confining layers. For Class 3 gas hydrates, just heat conduction would be responsible for the heat influx and further hydrate dissociation; however, the moving boundary problem could also be an issue to address in this reservoir, depending on the equilibrium pressure. To address heat flux problem, a proper definition of the inner boundary condition for temperature propagation using a Clausius-Clapeyron type hydrate equilibrium model is required. In Class 1 and 2, crossflow problems would occur and depending on the layer of production, convective heat influx from the free fluid layer and heat conduction from the cap rock of the hydrate layer would be further issues to address. All these phenomena make the derivation of a suitable reservoir testing model very complex. However, with a strong combination of heat energy and mass balance techniques, a representative diffusivity equation can be derived. Reservoir testing models have been developed and responses investigated for different boundary conditions in normally pressured Class 3 gas hydrates, over-pressured Class 3 gas hydrates (moving boundary problem) and Class 1 and 2 gas hydrates (crossflow problem). The effects of heat flux on the reservoir responses have been addressed in detail.

This diploma thesis deals with pressure losses in heating systems. The diploma thesis is divided into three sections. The first part is theoretical and deals with the occurrence of pressure losses. It discusses the properties of the fluid that affect pressure losses. It also deals with hydrodynamic phenomena, flow distribution, pressure loss distribution and its calculations. The aim of the second part, which is practical, was to create a heating project for a selected object. The object is a two-floor kindergarten building located in Velké Němčice. For this project, two heating variants were created. For the first variant, radiators and heating benches were designed and for the second variant, underfloor heating was installed in the building. The goal was to use a source which will gain heat mainly from renewable sources, so the air / water heat pump was chosen as the source of heat production. The project ends with a technical report. The third part of the thesis is dedicated to an experiment which purpose was to find out how the pressure losses of the connecting pieces are reacting to the change with the change of the heating water conditions (flow, temperature). Alongside, two pipes were created which differed in the type of connecting pieces so it allowed to compare how their pressure losses differ. Both pipes were connected by radial pressing, but the fittings differed in the quality of the brass, and therefore in the construction. Also, part of the experimental section of the diploma thesis is a description of the course of radial pressing of fittings from the Herz company.