This thesis consists of three empirical essays studying the capital market implications of the accounting for R&D costs. The first empirical study (Chapter 2) re-visits the debate over the positive R&D-returns relation. The second empirical study (Chapter 3) examines the risk relevance of current R&D accounting. The third empirical study (Chapter 4) explores the joint impact of R&D intensity and competition on the relative relevance of the idiosyncratic part of earnings. Prior research argues that the positive relation between current R&D activity and future returns is evidence of mispricing, a compensation for risk inherent in R&D or a transformation of the value/growth anomaly. The first empirical study contributes to this debate by taking into account the link between R&D activity, equity duration and systematic risk. This link motivates us to employ Campbell and Vuolteenaho (2004)'s intertemporal asset pricing model (ICAPM) which accommodates stochastic discount rates and investors' intertemporal preferences. The results support a risk based explanation; R&D intensive firms are exposed to higher discount rate risk. Hedge portfolio strategies show that the mispricing explanations is not economically significant. The second empirical study contributes to prior research on the value relevance of financial reporting information on R&D, by proposing an alternative approach which relies on a return variance decomposition model. We find that R&D intensity has a significant influence on market participants' revisions of expectations regarding future discount rates (or, discount rate news) and future cash flows (or, cash flow news), thereby driving returns variance. We extend this investigation to assess the risk relevance of this information by means of its influence on the sensitivity of cash flow and discount rate news to the market news. Our findings suggest R&D intensity is associated with significant variation in the sensitivity of cash flow news to the market news which implies that financial reporting information on R&D is risk relevant. Interestingly, we do not establish a similar pattern with respect to the sensitivity of discount news to the market news which may dismiss the impact of sentiment in stock returns of R&D intensive firms. The third empirical study examines the effect of financial reporting information on R&D to the value relevance of common and idiosyncratic earnings. More specifically, we investigate the value relevance of common and idiosyncratic earnings through an extension of the Vuolteenaho (2002) model which decomposes return variance into its discount rate, idiosyncratic and common cash flow news. We demonstrate that the relative importance of idiosyncratic over common cash flow news in explaining return variance increases with firm-level R&D intensity. Extending this analysis, we find that this relation varies with the level of R&D investment concentration in the industry. Those results indicate that the market perceives that more pronounced R&D activity leads to outcomes that enable the firm to differentiate itself from its rivals. However, our results also suggest that the market perceives that this relation depends upon the underlying economics of the industry where the firm operates.

The diploma thesis is focused on determining the value of the company HARTMANN - RICO a.s. as of 1 January 2020. The discounted cash flow method in the entity variant will be used to determine the value. The theoretical part contains a description of all analyzes and methods that are used in the analytical part. The practical part deals with the strategic analysis of the company, then the financial plan of the company, the determination of the cost of capital and the determination of the value of the company by the method of discounted cash flows.

The diploma thesis deals with a valuation of a company for a selling purpose by using the discounted cash flow method with an entity approach. Initially the theoretical basis gets defined. Afterwards the theoretical findings are applied in the practical part, which consists of a strategic and a financial analysis ending up in a financial plan. In the following the value of the company gets calculated and finally a range from a pessimistic to an optimistic company value results.

Dentro de una compañía, los inversores de capital piensan en el valor de esta, no solamente basándose en las ventas que genera o contabilizando sus ganancias finales; esta medición de valorización de empresas es de mucho apoyo a la hora de adquirir una empresa, aunque existen diversos métodos y sistemas de valoración. El método de flujo de caja es el sistema de mayor uso para la valoración de empresas e idóneo para las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYMES) aunque se presenten algunas dificultades como la ausencia de información al realizar este tipo de sistema. En el presente trabajo de investigación se realiza un análisis de diferentes autores sobre la valoración de pequeñas empresas mediante el método de Flujo de Caja Descontado. En primer lugar, se realizará una introducción sobre la valoración, las pequeñas empresas y sus implicancias en la valuación empresarial. En segundo lugar, se exponen los diferentes métodos de valoración de empresas, sus ventajas y desventajas, destacando el enfoque basado en ingresos o método de renta. Y finalmente, medir la creación de valor por las compañías mediante los flujos de efectivos descontados que utiliza los recursos empresariales como el Estado de Situación Financiera, el Estado de Resultados y el Flujo de Efectivo Libre, la inserción de la tasa de descuento y la dificultad que tienen las pequeñas y medianas empresas en lograr obtener esta variable. / In every business, capital investors think about the value of a company, not only through the sales it generates or accounting for its final profits, this measurement of the valuation of companies is very supportive when acquiring a company, although there are various methods and valuation systems. The cash flow method is the most widely used system for the valuation of companies and ideal for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), although there are some difficulties such as the absence of information when carrying out this type of system. In this research work, an analysis by different authors is carried out on the valuation of small companies using the Discounted Cash Flow method. First, there will be an introduction to valuation, small businesses and their implications for business valuation. Second, the different methods of valuation of companies, their advantages and disadvantages, will be presented, highlighting the approach based on income or income method. And finally, measure the creation of value by the companies through the discounted cash flows used by business resources such as the Statement of Financial Position, the Statement of Income and the Free Cash Flow, the insertion of the discount rate and the difficulty that small and medium-sized companies have to obtain this variable. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional