No description available.

Graduation date: 1999

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 487-524).

The application of flow injection analysis into the simultaneous determination of two or more components has been challenging for many years. Various detectors such as ultraviolet/visible absorption, fluorescence, and electrochemical detectors, have been used individually or in combination with each other. Combining two optical detectors such as fluorescence and ultraviolet/visible absorbance, however, has always been challenging due to their incompatibilities. However, the recent developments in fibre optics, solid-state light sources and miniaturised charged coupled devices (CCD), allow novel designs and most of the incompatibilities be circumvented. A flow injection manifold can now be adapted so that only one flow cell is used along with a diode array CCD detector that can detect both fluorescence and absorbance simultaneously. The initial development and testing of such dual detection system is described in this thesis.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1994.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1994.

Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 1995

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [188]-197).

Flow injection analysis offers distinct advantages in reproducibility, flexibility, sample throughput and cost performance. Since it was introduced in 1975, there are more than 10 000 publications to date. The present study focuses on the development of process analysers for the determination of nitrogen compounds (namely, nitrate, nitrite and protein), nickel, and phosphate in various combination in samples originating from various fields, such as foodstuffs, water, and fertilisers. Nitrite is potentially unstable; it decomposes with time under acidic medium with an increase in decomposition rate as the concentration of acid increases. Raman spectroscopy was employed as a means of determining the rate of decomposition of nitrite in solutions at various pH values. A simple method for the determination of nitrite in foodstuffs by flow injection analysis (FIA) is described. The foodstuffs containing nitrite are digested in a microwave oven and then treated with 1 moℓ/Q NH4CI solution at pH 9. The simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite in foodstuffs and water was also studied. Cadmium (coarse powder) was used to reduce nitrate to nitrite. The effect of pH, length of reductor column, and various types of cadmium reductor on the yield of nitrite are investigated. The flow injection method was developed for the spectrophotometric determination of nickel in cured meat. Dimethylglyoxime (DMG) in acetate buffer at pH 6.4 nickel forms a red complex which is measured at 475 nm. The effects of chemical and physical parameters in flow injection analysis were studied. A new bienzymatic amperometric sensor is proposed for the assay of proteins in milk. The sensor is based on two enzymes, namely, carboxypeptidases A and L-amino acid oxidase. The use of flow injection analysis and Raman spectroscopy for the determination of phosphate in foodstuffs and fertilisers, is also compared in this study. / Thesis (PhD (Chemistry))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Chemistry / unrestricted