Within the general context of solid-state sintering process, this work presents a numerical modeling approach, at the particle scale, of ceramic particle packing consolidation. Typically, the sintering process triggers several mass transport paths that are thermally activated. Among those diffusion paths, the most important ones are: surface diffusion, grain boundary diffusion and volume diffusion. Including this physics into a high-performance computing framework would permit to gain precious insights about the driving mechanisms. The aim of the present work is to develop a model and a numerical strategy able to integrate the different diffusion mechanisms into continuum mechanics framework. In the cases of surface diffusion and volume diffusion, the mass flux is calculated as a function of the surface curvature Laplacian and the hydrostatic pressure gradient, respectively. The physical model describing these two transport mechanisms is first presented within the framework of continuum mechanics. Then the numerical strategy developed for the simulation of the sintering of many particles is detailed. This strategy is based on a discretization of the problem by using a finite element approach coupled with a Level-Set method used to describe the particles free surface. This versatile strategy allows us to perform simulations involving a relatively large number of particles. Furthermore, a mesh adaptation technique allows the particles surface description to be improved, while the number of mesh elements is kept reasonable. Several 3D simulations, performed in a parallel computing framework, show the changes occurring in the structure of 3D granular stacks.

Dans le cadre général de la simulation du procédé de frittage en phase solide, ce travail propose une approche numérique, à l'échelle des particules, de la consolidation d'un compact pulvérulent céramique. Le frittage est un procédé mettant en jeu plusieurs chemins de diffusion activés thermiquement. Parmi ces chemins de diffusion, les plus importants sont : la diffusion surfacique, la diffusion aux joints des grains et la diffusion volumique. La mise en place de cette physique dans un cadre de calcul intensif doit permettre de mieux comprendre ces mécanismes de diffusion ainsi que leur influence sur l'évolution de la microstructure. Le but de ce travail consiste à développer un modèle ainsi qu'une stratégie numérique capable d'intégrer les différents mécanismes de diffusion dans un cadre de calcul intensif. Le flux de matière est calculé en fonction du Laplacien de la courbure dans les cas de la diffusion surfacique, tandis que pour la diffusion volumique ce flux est proportionnel au gradient de la pression hydrostatique. Le modèle physique est tout d'abord présenté dans le cadre de la mécanique des milieux continus. Ensuite, la stratégie numérique développée pour la simulation du frittage d'un empilement granulaire est détaillée. Cette stratégie est basée sur une discrétisation du problème par des éléments finis stabilisés couplée avec une méthode Level-set pour décrire la surface libre des particules. Cette stratégie nous permet de faire des simulations avec un "grand" nombre de particules. Plusieurs simulations en 3D, menées dans un cadre de calcul parallèle, montrent l'évolution qui a lieu sur un empilement granulaire réaliste. / Within the general context of solid-state sintering process, this work presents a numerical modeling approach, at the particle scale, of ceramic particle packing consolidation. Typically, the sintering process triggers several mass transport paths that are thermally activated. Among those diffusion paths, the most important ones are: surface diffusion, grain boundary diffusion and volume diffusion. Including this physics into a high-performance computing framework would permit to gain precious insights about the driving mechanisms. The aim of the present work is to develop a model and a numerical strategy able to integrate the different diffusion mechanisms into continuum mechanics framework. In the cases of surface diffusion and volume diffusion, the mass flux is calculated as a function of the surface curvature Laplacian and the hydrostatic pressure gradient, respectively. The physical model describing these two transport mechanisms is first presented within the framework of continuum mechanics. Then the numerical strategy developed for the simulation of the sintering of many particles is detailed. This strategy is based on a discretization of the problem by using a finite element approach coupled with a Level-Set method used to describe the particles free surface. This versatile strategy allows us to perform simulations involving a relatively large number of particles. Furthermore, a mesh adaptation technique allows the particles surface description to be improved, while the number of mesh elements is kept reasonable. Several 3D simulations, performed in a parallel computing framework, show the changes occurring in the structure of 3D granular stacks.