No description available.

"A number of fluorometric techniques have been applied to characterize contamination associated with oil discharges and spills in the environment. While these techniques provide quick and lower cost alternatives to the many of the advanced techniques for characterizing oil-related constituents, their applicability still isn’t fully understood. The objectives of this research were to understand the characteristics of organic transport in a linked surface-water/ground-water system, and develop some practical approaches using fluorometry to characterize the pathways of organic transport. The approach included modeling, field sampling and comparisons of laboratory analyses to assess basic field fluorometry techniques for characterizing sources and distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with oil discharges. The primary field site included a canal and nearby river, which resulted in generally uniform hydraulic gradient, such that petroleum and PAH contamination at the site could be characterized. Historical data provided general information on the distribution of contamination. Modeling using the Modflow groundwater flow package provided basic information on groundwater flow pathways and rates. Samples were collected from the canal, groundwater, the river and a treatment facility. Additional samples were collected from Bayou Corne sinkhole in Lousiana and the Deepwater Horizon crude oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The samples were analyzed for fluorometric absorbance using a 10AU field fluorometer, a Shimadzu absorbance spectrometer and a LS5 luminescence spectrometer (which provided fluorescence over a spectrum of frequencies). Additional analyses were completed using a gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to provide a more complete qualitative description of the oil composition. Analysis of the results from the 10-AU field fluorometer confirmed the capability of the field fluorometer to detect organic contamination resulting from crude and refined oil spills. Absorbance spectrometer results demonstrated possibility of using the PAH absorbance spectra to distinguish between the different types of oil, although more detailed analyses using various types of oil is recommended. The results using the luminescence spectrometer were consistent with GC FID results, and provided useful comparisons indicating the characteristics of fresh and weathered oil. The comparisons provide insight into the applicability of fluorometric approaches for characterizing transport pathways and concentrations of organic constituents associated with discharges of oil and other PAHs."

No description available.

Transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is a disease that appears in three variants. One variant affects the elderly population with heart failure, the other two variants are hereditary and caused by an amino acid substitution in the gene, resulting in polyneuropathy and/or heart issues depending on the amino acid substitution. However, in all three variants, other organs may also be affected with amyloid deposition in the disease course. Amyloid fibrils of TTR (ATTR) contains a mixture of full-length protein and fragments (50-127). Luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCO’s) are novel amyloid binding probes used to stain amyloid fibrils and these amyloid probes have the feature of characterizing the amyloid structure in terms of fluorescence spectra. Apart from LCO’s, a few other amyloid binding probes are used to stain recombinant amyloid transthyretin and native transthyretin for binding studies. The majority of generated TTR aggregates in vitro did not have the characteristic fluorescence spectra when bound to LCO’s and was observed as a clumped gel-like aggregate. The generation of recombinant TTR fibrils in vitro using the mutant TTR-T49M to obtain an aggregation prone fragment (50-127) after being treated with cyanogen bromide had a low yield of in vivo amyloid-like fibrils, but with characteristic LCO spectra. Carpal tunnel ATTR often precedes ATTR deposition in heart tissue. Amyloid transthyretin in carpal tunnel tissues was stained with LCO’s and used as a reference in the comparison against the in vitro generated recombinant amyloid transthyretin fibrils. This project also includes quantification of amyloid transthyretin in a few selected parts of the carpal tunnel tissue using ImageJ. In the long run this method could help in diagnosing TTR amyloidosis.

The purpose the diploma thesis was to determine main fluorophores of soil and lignite humic substances using methods of 2D synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS) and 3D SFS. These fluorescence methods are frequently used for characterization multifluorophore systems. Measured synchronous spectra were compared with standards IHSS. Next to that the aim was to find differences between chosen samples of humic and fulvic acids.