Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Mécanique des fluides.Hydrologie : Toulouse, INPT : 2004. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 89 réf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2004. / Title from document title page (October 12, 2004). Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 216 p. : ill., maps. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 202-212).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 130, [12] p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2005. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-205). Also available on the World Wide Web.

GOMES, V. U. Estudo comparativo dos modelos da onda cinemática e da onda difusiva na análise de propagação de cheias, em função dos parâmetros hidráulicos da bacia. 2006. 89 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil: Recursos Hídricos) – Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2006. / Submitted by Hohana Sanders (hohanasanders@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-29T13:31:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_vugomes.pdf: 712449 bytes, checksum: 62e1ea78c60f394322ad8748c54e8c9f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marlene Sousa (mmarlene@ufc.br) on 2016-05-25T19:24:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_vugomes.pdf: 712449 bytes, checksum: 62e1ea78c60f394322ad8748c54e8c9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-25T19:24:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_dis_vugomes.pdf: 712449 bytes, checksum: 62e1ea78c60f394322ad8748c54e8c9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-08 / Models of Kinematic Wave and diffusive wave were applied in a natural river, to study the propagation of a flood wave in the water body. These models are derivations of the Dynamic Wave Model, from simplifications in the Saint Venant equations, where some terms are neglected. In the solution process of differential equations relevant to the model, we used the method of finite differences, wherein the explicit scheme approach was applied to the kinematic wave, while the implied approximation scheme was applied to the diffusive wave. For this research, a computer program in FORTRAN language was developed and allowed road simulations were performed for different scenarios found in natural rivers. Studies to verify the sensitivity of the models with respect to the hydraulic parameters of the basin, were performed. the influence of linearization of differential equations, which make up the models, we calculations of the control variables also was verified. The results showed that the model of the kinematic wave is most sensitive to the coefficient of roughness of the channel walls, while the model of the diffusive wave is more sensitive to the channel bottom slope parameters, where this parameter acts directly on the damping process wave propagation. The results also showed that for the scenarios used in the simulations, the linearization process of differential equations does not affect considerably the solution models. / Os Modelos da Onda Cinemática e da Onda Difusiva foram aplicados em um rio natural, para estudar a propagação de uma onda de cheia neste corpo hídrico. Esses modelos são derivações do Modelo da Onda Dinâmica, a partir de simplificações nas Equações de Saint Venant, onde alguns termos são desprezados. No processo de solução das equações diferenciais, pertinentes aos modelos, foi usado o Método das Diferenças Finitas, sendo que o esquema de aproximação explicita foi aplicado para a onda cinemática, enquanto que o esquema de aproximação implícita foi aplicado para a onda difusiva. Para esta pesquisa, um programa computacional, em linguagem FORTRAN, foi desenvolvido e permitiu que viárias simulações fossem realizadas, para diferentes cenários encontrados nos rios naturais. Estudos para verificar a sensibilidade dos modelos, com respeito aos parâmetros hidráulicos da bacia, foram realizados. Também foi verificada a influência da linearização das equações diferenciais, que compõem os modelos, nós cálculos das variáveis de controle. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo da onda cinemática é mais sensível ao coeficiente de rugosidade das paredes do canal, enquanto que o modelo da onda difusiva é mais sensível para parâmetros da declividade de fundo do canal, onde este parâmetro atua diretamente no processo de amortecimento da onda em propagação. Os resultados mostraram ainda que, para os cenários usados nas simulações, o processo de linearização das equações diferenciais não afeta, consideravelmente, a solução dos modelos.

Longue de 120 km, la Seille prend sa source à la sortie de l'Etang de Lindre et conflue avec la Moselle à Metz. Son bassin versant (1291 Km²) est caractéristique du plateau lorrain (Nord Est de la France) avec un substratum géologique essentiellement marno–calcaire qui appartient à la série sédimentaire du Trias supérieur et du Lias. La Seille a été particulièrement aménagée au cours de son histoire, et l'impact des interventions humaines s'est traduit par de nombreux changements et dégradations sur le tracé, le lit mineur et le lit majeur. Afin de mieux comprendre les mutations du système fluvial nous essayons d'identifier, à travers le temps, l'influence des aménagements sur le fonctionnement hydrologique. Les objectifs de la thèse s'articulent autour de deux thèmes principaux : proposer une méthode qui permet d'expliquer les transformations morpho-dynamique à travers lesquelles sont perçus les changements du système fluvial. Analyser le paysage fluvial et les rapports complexes qu'entretient la société humaine avec le milieu fluvial. Résoudre une telle problématique suppose l'emploi d'une méthode transdisciplinaire ; d'où le choix d'une démarche qui associe des recherches historiques à l'étude de la tendance actuelle du cours d’eau. L'histoire ne constitue pas un but mais un moyen pour reconstituer le paysage du passé. L'objectif est de démontrer l'influence des interventions humaines successives sur le paysage actuel selon une optique historique. La démarche adoptée s'articule autour de trois axes de recherches : déterminer le fonctionnement hydrologique d’un bassin versant où les influences anthropiques sont fortes et variées. Ces influences ont entraîné une réponse lente de l'hydro-système, perceptible depuis un demi-siècle. Analyser les situations hydrologiques extrêmes (crues, étiages) dans les chroniques des stations hydrométriques et rechercher des événements marquants dans l'histoire hydrologique de la rivière. Nous avons insisté sur les crues car c'est à l'occasion de celles-ci que surviennent les modifications les plus visibles du lit fluvial et du cours d'eau. L'objectif de cette partie est essentiellement de mettre en évidence le rôle des débits solides et liquides dans la morpho dynamique du cours d'eau. identifier l'évolution du lit fluvial sur deux échelles de temps :à l'échelle historique (comptée en siècles) : qui englobe l'étude des photos aériennes anciennes (missions, 1958,1967, 1968 et 1999) et le récapitulatif des aménagements réalisés depuis le XIIIe siècle (étude du tracé, et d’anciens profils en travers) à l'échelle contemporaine (comptée en années ou dizaines d'années): qui repose essentiellement sur les observations de terrain : cartographie des morphologies fluviales du lit mineur et du lit majeur, réalisation des profils en travers (été 2004), t traitement des orthophotoplans (2000). Les approches permettent de comprendre les mutations du système fluvial qui s'oriente vers une anthropisation totale du paysage qui lui est associé. Aujourd'hui de grands projets sont engagés, en particulier, pour la surveillance et l'entretien du cours d'eau pour enter de préserver un paysage "naturel" / Long of 120 km, La Seille takes its source at the exit of the Pond of Lindre and joins he Moselle in Metz. Its catchment area (1291 Km²) is characteristic of the Lorraine plate Northern Is France) with a geological substratum primarily marno –calcareous which belongs o the sedimentary sequence of Sorted higher and of Lias. a Seille was particularly arranged during its history, and the impact of the human nterventions resulted in many changes and degradations on the layout, the minor bed and the ajor bed. In order to better include/understand the changes of the river system we try to dentify, through time, the influence of installations on hydrological operation. The objectives of the thesis are articulated around two principal topics : to propose a method which makes it possible to explain the transformations morphodynamics through which is perceived the changes of the river system. to analyze the river landscape and the complex reports/ratios which the human society maintains with the river medium. To solve such problems supposes the use of a method transdisciplinaire; from where the choice of a step which associates historical research the study of the current tendency of the river. The history does not constitute a goal but a means to reconstitute the landscape of the past. The objective is to show the influence of the successive human interventions on the current landscape according to a historical optics. The adopted step is articulated around three research orientations: to determine the hydrological operation of a catchment area where the anthropic influences strong and are varied. These influences have involved a slow response of the hydro-system, perceptible for one half-century. to analyze the extreme hydrological situations (risings, low water levels) in the chronicles of the hydrometric stations and to seek outstanding events in the hydrological history of the river. We insisted on the risings because it is at the time of those that the most visible modifications of the river bed and the river occur. The objective of this part is primarily to highlight the role of the bed loads and liquids in the dynamic morpho of the river. to identify the evolution of the river bed on two scales of time: the historical scale (counted in centuries): who has included the study of the old air photographs (missions, 1958,1967, 1968 and 1999) and the summary of the installations carried out for the XIII 2nd century (study of the layout, and old profiles transversely) the contemporary scale (counted in years or tens of years): who rests primarily on the observations of ground: cartography of river morphologies of the minor bed and the major bed, realization of the profiles transversely (be 2004), and treatment of the orthophotoplans (2000). These approaches make it possible to include/understand the changes of the river system which is directed towards a total anthropisation of the landscape which is associated for him. Today of great projects are engaged, in particular, for the monitoring and the maintenance of the river to try to preserve a "natural" landscape

Le transport routier, aujourd’hui mode de transport dominant des biens et des personnes, soulève des enjeux sociétaux et environnementaux majeurs. En réponse, l’action publique favorise un « report modal » vers les transports ferroviaires et fluviaux. Elle se traduit principalement par de lourds investissements infrastructurels, à l’instar du projet de canal Seine-Nord Europe. Pour autant, ces politiques peinent à inverser la tendance, ce qui invite à trouver d’autres ressorts du report modal. La thèse s’intéresse au report modal vers la voie d’eau dans le transport de marchandises. L’approche évolutionniste qui fonde l’analyse, pose que les organisations logistiques et de transport (OLT), constituées dans le but de livrer une marchandise, se forment autour de connaissances spécifiques. L’hypothèse principale est alors que le transfert de la route au fluvial suppose une évolution des connaissances dans le cadre d’un apprentissage organisationnel. Cet apprentissage implique en outre une évolution radicale des connaissances, pour que les OLT fluviales soient performantes et pérennes. Une approche institutionnaliste explicite alors les modalités de sélection des connaissances et permet d’envisager in fine comment la puissance publique pourrait soutenir un apprentissage performant du transport fluvial. L’analyse s’appuie sur des entretiens semi-directifs effectués auprès de membres d’OLT choisies d’une part, dans la filière de l’agroalimentaire, filière parmi les principales utilisatrices de la voie d’eau, et d’autre part, dans d’autres filières, pour leur tentative, réussie ou non, de transformation d’OLT routières en OLT fluviales. / Road transportation, which has become a dominant mode for goods and passengers transportation, raises major social and environmental issues. Consequently, public policies encourage alternatives transport modes, especially railway and inland water transportations, by weighty infrastructures investments (such as Seine-North Europe canal project). In spite of these policies, the road transportation trend has not yet been reversed; this suggests that other measures to trigger a modal shift should be found. This PhD thesis deals with the modal shift toward the inland water transportation of goods. Evolutionary economics approach considers that Transport and Logistics Organizations (TLOs) shape themselves around a common goal (delivering the goods) and specific knowledge. In consequence, the main hypothesis is that the modal shift from road to inland water transportation assumes a TLO’s knowledge evolution within an organizational learning framework. This organizational learning should be matched by radical changes in order to make inland water transportation TLOs long-lasting and efficient. Besides, institutional economics enlightens the selection mechanisms of this knowledge, and allows considering in fine how public authorities could support this efficient learning. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with members of various TLOs which have been chosen, on the one hand, in the agribusiness sector which encompasses the most important users of water transportation means and, on the other hand, in other sectors which have been tried (with success or not) to convert the road transportation TLO into the inland water transportation TLO.

O sistema fluvial amazônico representa a maior bacia de captação de sedimentos do mundo. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as areias transportadas pelos rios Negro e Solimões e discriminar a contribuição do aporte sedimentar arenoso derivado destes dois rios para a formação do rio Amazonas. Além disso, buscou-se identificar variações temporais da geomorfologia fluvial da zona de confluência dos rios Negro e Solimões. Para tanto, foram utilizados métodos de análise geomorfológica e de fácies, granulometria, sensibilidade por luminescência opticamente estimulada (LOE) da fração areia e datações LOE e 14 C. Os sedimentos das barras do rio Negro apresentam maior porcentagem de areia, com diâmetro médio em 375,76 µm, os quais são dominados por grãos de quartzo de sensibilidade LOE moderada (3,06). Já os sedimentos das barras dos rios Solimões e Amazonas são mais finos, com diâmetro médio em 154,58 µm e 134,36 µm, respectivamente, alta porcentagem de feldspato e grãos de quartzo com baixa sensibilidade LOE (2,49 e 2,53, respectivamente). O aporte arenoso do rio Solimões (88,08% para sedimentos de calha e 98,23% para barras) sobre o rio Amazonas é dominante em relação ao aporte do rio Negro (11, 91% para sedimentos de calha e 1,76% para barras). Os dados de sensibilidade LOE sugerem que os sedimentos do rio Negro são acomodados principalmente na calha do rio Amazonas. Os arenitos da Formação Alter do Chão adjacentes ao canal do baixo rio Negro representam a principal área fonte dos sedimentos deste rio. A baixa maturidade composicional e sensibilidade LOE reduzida dos sedimentos do rio Solimões sugerem rápido transporte sedimentar a partir de áreas fontes andinas. O tempo de estocagem mínimo para as areias de barras expostas durante a seca do rio Negro varia entre 0,34±0,04 ka e 1,7±0,26 ka. Já o período mínimo de estocagem das areias em barras dos rios Solimões e Amazonas variou entre 1,3±0,21 ka e 11,9±1,18 ka. As principais fases de construção das barras dos rios Solimões e Amazonas estariam relacionadas principalmente com eventos de precipitação extrema do Holoceno. / The Amazon river system is the largest sediment catchment basin in the world. In this context, this study aims to differentiate the sands carried by the Negro and Solimões rivers and estimate the sandy sedimentary supply derived from these two rivers to the Amazon river. Furthermore, this research also deals with temporal variations of fluvial geomorphology in the confluence area of the Negro and Solimões rivers. For this purpose, we used methods of geomorphological, facies and grain size analysis coupled with optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) sensitivity of sand fraction and OSL and 14 C dating. The sediments of the Negro river bars showed a higher percentage of sand, with mean diameter of 375,76 µm, which are dominated by quartz grains with moderate OSL sensitivity (3,06). On the other hand, sediment from bars of Solimões and Amazonas rivers are thinner, with mean diameter of 154,58 µm and 134,36 µm, respectively, high percentage of feldspar and quartz grains with low OSL sensitivity (2,49 and 2,53, respectively). The contribution of Solimões river sands (98.23%) to the Amazon river is dominant in relation to the contribution of the Negro river (1.76%). OSL sensitivity data suggest that the Negro river sediments are accommodated mainly in the Amazon River channel. The Alter of Chão Formation sandstones outcropping adjacent to the lower Negro river channel area represent the main source of sediments for this sector of the Negro river. The low compositional maturity and reduced OSL sensitivity of Solimões river sediments suggest rapid sediment transport from Andean source areas. The minimum storage time for the Negro river sand bars exposed during the dry season varies between 0,34 ± 0,04 ky and 1,7 ± 0,26 ky. The minimum storage time of sands in bars from the Solimões and Amazonas rivers ranged between 1,3 ± 0,21 ky and 11,9 ± 1,18 ky. The main construction phases of the Solimões and Amazonas rivers bars would be related to extreme precipitation events during the Holocene.

Os vertedores são estruturas hidráulicas construídas para controlar o nível d’água do reservatório, permitindo a passagem das vazões escoadas com a máxima eficiência possível sem provocar problemas à estrutura. Para atingir este objetivo, as condições de aproximação do escoamento à estrutura e a forma geométrica do perfil vertente são muito importantes. O controle da soleira por comportas provoca uma mudança significativa nas condições de escoamento sobre o perfil vertente. O posicionamento e a forma da comporta tem forte influência no comportamento do coeficiente de vazão e nas pressões sobre a soleira. A formação de vórtice é um fenômeno indesejável que pode ocorrer quando a operação da comporta é parcial, prejudicando a capacidade de vazão e provocando vibrações na estrutura. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem teórica sobre o assunto vertedor de superfície e escoamento sob comportas, apresentando resultados de diferentes estudos para melhor compreensão do funcionamento do vertedor. / Spillways are hydraulic structures constructed to control the water level of the reservoir, allowing the overflows with the maximum possible efficiency without provoking problems to the structure. The approach flow pattern to the structure and the geometric form of the spillway profile are basic importance. The control of the spillway by the floodgates modifies the draining conditions. The positioning and the form of the gate have strong influence in the behavior of the discharge coefficient and the pressures on the surface profile. A vortex formation is an undesirable phenomenon that it can occur when the operation of the floodgate is partial, reducing the discharge coefficient and produce vibrations in structure. This work presents a theoretical approach about flow over spillway and under of the partial opening of the floodgate, presenting results of different studies for better understanding the function of the spillway.