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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Determination of quality of care for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Nova Scotia

Ouellet, Cathie 28 April 2023 (has links)
Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 17 avril 2023) / Le cancer du foie (carcinome hépatocellulaire) est le 6ᵉ cancer le plus diagnostiqué mondialement et la 3ᵉ cause de décès par cancer en 2020 selon l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé. En 2020, il a été estimé que 42,810 personnes aux États-Unis seront diagnostiquées du cancer du foie et qu'environ 30,160 décès y seront reliés. Les projections canadiennes estiment à 3,100 cas de cancer du foie et 1,450 décès en 2020. En Nouvelle-Écosse, les chiffres représentent 65 cas et 40 décès durant l'année 2020. Malgré tout, les options de traitement pour la maladie avancée sont limitées. De plus, il existe peu d'information sur la situation du cancer du foie en Nouvelle-Écosse. Nous croyons que les soins et les effets sur la santé des patients diffèrent selon la localisation géographie de ceux-ci dans la province (à proximité ou non du Centre d'oncologie à Halifax). Le but de cette étude rétrospective à analyse descriptive est de dépeindre un portrait épidémiologique relatif au cancer hépatique dans la province de la Nouvelle-Écosse sur une cohorte de 160 patients diagnostiqués entre 2015 et 2017. Les patients qui vivent dans la région urbaine d'Halifax (N=83) (lieu du seul centre tertiaire d'oncologie) ont été comparés aux patients (n=77) vivant à l'extérieur de la région urbaine d'Halifax, dans les régions plus rurales. La cohorte est composée 133 hommes (83.1%) et 27 femmes (16.9%) ayant en moyenne 68.5 ans au diagnostic (entre 38 et 90 ans). Il appert que ceux demeurant dans une région rurale éloignée du centre de cancérologie ont une survie à 1 an moins favorable. Il y a seulement 33.8% des patients (n=26) qui demeurent en région rurale qui ont survécu 1 an à leur cancer comparativement à 51.8% (n=43) pour ceux demeurant dans les environs du centre de cancérologie, cela étant statistiquement significatif (p=0.037). Cependant, cette différence entre les deux groupes n'était pas significative pour la survie à 2 ans (32 patients (38.6%) et 20 patients (26.0%) pour le groupe urbain et rural respectivement (p=0.76). Il semble que les patients atteints de cancer hépatique n'ont pas le même dénouement face à cette maladie notamment en ce qui concerne la survie. / Background: Hepatocellular cancer is the sixth most diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide in 2020 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) GLOBOCAN database. In 2020, it was estimated that 42,810 people in the United States would be diagnosed with liver cancer and intrahepatic bile duct and it was estimated that there would be approximately 30,160 deaths from liver or intrahepatic bile duct cancer. Projected numbers of liver cancer cases and deaths in Canada are estimated at 3,100 and 1,450, respectively as well as 65 and 40 respectively in Nova Scotia in 2020. Despite this, limited treatment options have existed for advanced disease. Unfortunately, little is known about the outcomes of HCC patients in the province of Nova Scotia (NS). There are anecdotal stories that closer proximity to tertiary cancer care centres provides better outcomes for HCC patients. We postulate that cancer care for HCC patients differs based on a patient's accessibility to an academic cancer care centre. Methods: This retrospective cohort study is an exploratory analysis involving all Nova Scotians with a first-time diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with in the province from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017. Patients who live within the urban area of Halifax, Nova Scotia (N=83), hosting the Tertiary Hospital (Cancer Centre), were compared to patients who live outside Halifax (rural, N=77). Results: 160 patients were identified with a diagnosis of HCC between 2015 and 2017. This population included 133 males (83.1%) and 27 females (16.9%) with mean age of 68.5 years old at HCC diagnosis (38 to 90 years old). Liver cirrhosis was found in 79.4%. During that period, only 21.9% of patients diagnosed with HCC had a tissue diagnosis and 68.8% had a baseline AFP (16.9% had AFP over 400). Just over 78% were diagnosed based on clinical features. Surgical intervention occurred in 15.1% (liver resection 6.3%, liver transplantation 8.8%) and local treatments including ablation, radiation, and chemoembolization occurred in 47.6% of patients. Twenty-one patients were eligible for systemic therapy but only 14 patients received systemic treatments (sorafenib n=14). 43.1% (69 patients) survived 1 year after diagnosis and 32.5% (52 patients) survived 2 years. There was a statistically significant difference between the Urban group and the Rural group in respect of 1 year survival (43 patients (51.8%) and 26 patients (33.8%), respectively; p=0.037). This difference between the two groups was not significant in the 2-year survival (32 patients (38.6%) and 20 patients (26.0%) for the Urban and Rural groups, respectively (p=0.76). Conclusion: Data suggest patients who live in the Central Health zone of Nova Scotia appear to have better outcomes than those living in the rest of the province. Further analysis is required to identify the determinants of care for HCC patients in Nova Scotia which may differ between the urban and rural centres accounting for the seen difference in survival.

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