This diploma thesis concerns folk architecture and it is separated into two parts. The point of the theoretical part is a summary of folk architecture in the Czech Republic area and basic terms demarcation regarding this issue. The practical part deals particularly with description and documentation of identified objects of folk architecture in the chosen area, especially in the village called Záboří.

A presente tese consiste em analisar e compreender os projetos e arranjos tipológicos de unidades habitacionais destinadas às classes operárias construídos no Estado de São Paulo entre o final do século XIX e meados do XX, período que configura o primeiro ciclo industrial moderno brasileiro. As unidades eram edificadas basicamente por empreiteiros interessados no lucro dos aluguéis e por empresários paternalistas que ofereciam moradia aos seus funcionários. Para melhor compreender como os projetos de vilas operárias se disseminaram pelo território paulista, realizou-se uma investigação mais ampla, na qual foram estudadas as origens da habitação operária na Inglaterra - país pioneiro no processo de industrialização - e seus ecos na Europa, em países como França, Alemanha, Itália e Portugal. As evidências indicam que quando da transferência dos trabalhadores rurais para as cidades, seus habitantes levaram consigo hábitos e modelos de moradia como os cottages ingleses, que já eram insalubres no campo e considerados em áreas urbanas como focos de contágio de doenças. Diversas teorias sociais utópicas, planos urbanísticos e iniciativas públicas, filantrópicas e empresariais foram desenvolvidas para se compreender e para corrigir como o processo de construção de uma política habitacional se configurou na Europa. Uma extensa investigação sobre a habitação operária de Lisboa, a partir do estudo de 50 pátios e vilas, foi também realizada com o objetivo de verificar e constatar as influências de modelos habitacionais operários portugueses no Brasil. Autores portugueses classificam as tipologias das vilas operárias edificadas no período estudado em Lisboa da seguinte forma: casas geminadas, vilas em carreira e em bloco, vilas formando pátio, vilas construídas atrás de prédios, vilas formando ruas, vilas de escala urbana, vilas integradas nas fábricas e os bairros sociais. A partir do conhecimento sobre as tipologias e políticas habitacionais europeias foram realizados o estudo e a análise das primeiras habitações destinadas aos trabalhadores brasileiros, partindo da zona rural com as senzalas (habitação destinada aos trabalhadores escravos) e sua evolução para as colônias rurais (destinadas aos imigrantes que substituíram o trabalho escravo), com a percepção da influência direta de modelos trazidos da África e da Europa, principalmente da Itália, na constituição dos projetos habitacionais - os quais também se deram nas cidades com a edificação de inúmeras vilas operárias. Foi possível identificar em território paulista semelhanças muito significativas com o processo de industrialização de Lisboa e também as mesmas tipologias habitacionais encontradas na capital portuguesa e classificadas por autores portugueses. Assim como foram encontradas nas cidades europeias, na maioria dos casos (salvo as habitações informais como os cortiços), os projetos a partir da intervenção governamental, passaram a ser influenciados por uma intenção panóptica de controle e vigilância com vistas a um lar saneado para um morador consciente de seus deveres e obrigações sociais. Também, foi possível perceber que os projetos de unidades habitacionais paulistas se desenvolveram com influência direta das diversas teorias sociais, planos urbanísticos e políticas habitacionais europeias, incluindo arranjo tipológico e espacial, além da dificuldade de acesso por conta de valores altos de aluguéis. / This thesis is to analyze and understand the typological design and arrangement of housing units built for the working classes in the state of São Paulo in the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, a period that sets the first modern Brazilian industrial cycle. The units were built by contractors primarily interested in profit from rents and paternalistic employers that offered housing to their employees. To better understand how projects working villages were disseminated by the state territory, there was a wider investigation in which we studied the origins of working class housing in England - pioneer in the industrialization process - and its echoes in Europe, in countries as France, Germany, Italy and Portugal. Evidence indicates that when the transfer of rural workers to the cities, their inhabitants brought with habits and patterns of housing as the English cottages, which were considered unhealthy in the field and in urban areas as outbreaks of contagious diseases. Several theories utopian social, urban planning and public initiatives, philanthropic and business have been developed to understand and how to correct the process of building a housing policy took shape in Europe. An extensive research on housing working Lisbon, from the study of 50 patios and villages, was also conducted in order to check and verify the influences of Portuguese workers housing models in Brazil. Portuguese authors classify the types of workers\' villages built in the period studied in Lisbon as follows: row houses, and villages in career block, forming courtyard villas, villas built behind buildings, streets forming villages, towns, urban scale, integrated villages in factories and housing estates. From the knowledge of the types and European housing policies were carried out the study and analysis of the first housing for Brazilian workers, starting with the rural slave quarters (housing intended for slave laborers) and their evolution to the rural settlements (aimed at immigrants that replaced slave labor), with perception of the direct influence of models brought from Africa and Europe, especially Italy, in the constitution of housing projects - which also gave the cities with the construction of many workers\' villages. It was possible to identify similarities in São Paulo territory very significant to the process of industrialization of Lisbon and also the same housing typologies found in the Portuguese capital and classified by Portuguese authors. As was found in European cities, in most cases (except for informal housing as tenements), projects from government intervention began to be influenced by an intention panoptic control and monitoring with a view to a home for a sanitized residents aware of their duties and social obligations. Also, it was revealed that the projects paulistas housing units developed with the direct influence of various social theories, urban planning and housing policies in Europe, including typological and spatial arrangement, besides the difficulty of access due to high levels of rents.

Analysis of tourism in Euroregion Neisse, course of the flood in August 2010, evaluation of impacts and consequences of the flood in August 2010, damage of tourist attractions and material technical base.

The Diploma Thesis Planning Students' Learning during Wallachian Open Air Museum Field Trip is based on a description of three sites of Wallachian Open Air Museum - The Wallachian Village, The Wooden Townlet and The Water Mill Valley - describing their functional use. This theoretical part is supplemented also by information on the delimitation of Wallachia, its history and specific features and on open air museums. The practical part of the Diploma Thesis is oriented towards the field trip in Wallachian Open Air Museum from the didactical point of view. The educational programs available for students in Wallachian Open Air Museum are described there. Important is the draft of the Wallachian Open Air Museum field trip using the guide worksheets which are also a part of the thesis. Primarily the practical part could lead to the fulfilling of the aim of the thesis which is notification of interesting Wallachian area and an effort to expand knowledge and information about it through teaching.

A presente tese consiste em analisar e compreender os projetos e arranjos tipológicos de unidades habitacionais destinadas às classes operárias construídos no Estado de São Paulo entre o final do século XIX e meados do XX, período que configura o primeiro ciclo industrial moderno brasileiro. As unidades eram edificadas basicamente por empreiteiros interessados no lucro dos aluguéis e por empresários paternalistas que ofereciam moradia aos seus funcionários. Para melhor compreender como os projetos de vilas operárias se disseminaram pelo território paulista, realizou-se uma investigação mais ampla, na qual foram estudadas as origens da habitação operária na Inglaterra - país pioneiro no processo de industrialização - e seus ecos na Europa, em países como França, Alemanha, Itália e Portugal. As evidências indicam que quando da transferência dos trabalhadores rurais para as cidades, seus habitantes levaram consigo hábitos e modelos de moradia como os cottages ingleses, que já eram insalubres no campo e considerados em áreas urbanas como focos de contágio de doenças. Diversas teorias sociais utópicas, planos urbanísticos e iniciativas públicas, filantrópicas e empresariais foram desenvolvidas para se compreender e para corrigir como o processo de construção de uma política habitacional se configurou na Europa. Uma extensa investigação sobre a habitação operária de Lisboa, a partir do estudo de 50 pátios e vilas, foi também realizada com o objetivo de verificar e constatar as influências de modelos habitacionais operários portugueses no Brasil. Autores portugueses classificam as tipologias das vilas operárias edificadas no período estudado em Lisboa da seguinte forma: casas geminadas, vilas em carreira e em bloco, vilas formando pátio, vilas construídas atrás de prédios, vilas formando ruas, vilas de escala urbana, vilas integradas nas fábricas e os bairros sociais. A partir do conhecimento sobre as tipologias e políticas habitacionais europeias foram realizados o estudo e a análise das primeiras habitações destinadas aos trabalhadores brasileiros, partindo da zona rural com as senzalas (habitação destinada aos trabalhadores escravos) e sua evolução para as colônias rurais (destinadas aos imigrantes que substituíram o trabalho escravo), com a percepção da influência direta de modelos trazidos da África e da Europa, principalmente da Itália, na constituição dos projetos habitacionais - os quais também se deram nas cidades com a edificação de inúmeras vilas operárias. Foi possível identificar em território paulista semelhanças muito significativas com o processo de industrialização de Lisboa e também as mesmas tipologias habitacionais encontradas na capital portuguesa e classificadas por autores portugueses. Assim como foram encontradas nas cidades europeias, na maioria dos casos (salvo as habitações informais como os cortiços), os projetos a partir da intervenção governamental, passaram a ser influenciados por uma intenção panóptica de controle e vigilância com vistas a um lar saneado para um morador consciente de seus deveres e obrigações sociais. Também, foi possível perceber que os projetos de unidades habitacionais paulistas se desenvolveram com influência direta das diversas teorias sociais, planos urbanísticos e políticas habitacionais europeias, incluindo arranjo tipológico e espacial, além da dificuldade de acesso por conta de valores altos de aluguéis. / This thesis is to analyze and understand the typological design and arrangement of housing units built for the working classes in the state of São Paulo in the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, a period that sets the first modern Brazilian industrial cycle. The units were built by contractors primarily interested in profit from rents and paternalistic employers that offered housing to their employees. To better understand how projects working villages were disseminated by the state territory, there was a wider investigation in which we studied the origins of working class housing in England - pioneer in the industrialization process - and its echoes in Europe, in countries as France, Germany, Italy and Portugal. Evidence indicates that when the transfer of rural workers to the cities, their inhabitants brought with habits and patterns of housing as the English cottages, which were considered unhealthy in the field and in urban areas as outbreaks of contagious diseases. Several theories utopian social, urban planning and public initiatives, philanthropic and business have been developed to understand and how to correct the process of building a housing policy took shape in Europe. An extensive research on housing working Lisbon, from the study of 50 patios and villages, was also conducted in order to check and verify the influences of Portuguese workers housing models in Brazil. Portuguese authors classify the types of workers\' villages built in the period studied in Lisbon as follows: row houses, and villages in career block, forming courtyard villas, villas built behind buildings, streets forming villages, towns, urban scale, integrated villages in factories and housing estates. From the knowledge of the types and European housing policies were carried out the study and analysis of the first housing for Brazilian workers, starting with the rural slave quarters (housing intended for slave laborers) and their evolution to the rural settlements (aimed at immigrants that replaced slave labor), with perception of the direct influence of models brought from Africa and Europe, especially Italy, in the constitution of housing projects - which also gave the cities with the construction of many workers\' villages. It was possible to identify similarities in São Paulo territory very significant to the process of industrialization of Lisbon and also the same housing typologies found in the Portuguese capital and classified by Portuguese authors. As was found in European cities, in most cases (except for informal housing as tenements), projects from government intervention began to be influenced by an intention panoptic control and monitoring with a view to a home for a sanitized residents aware of their duties and social obligations. Also, it was revealed that the projects paulistas housing units developed with the direct influence of various social theories, urban planning and housing policies in Europe, including typological and spatial arrangement, besides the difficulty of access due to high levels of rents.

The main content of this Thesis is the second home as a part of tourism and recreation - very popular form for leisure time. The aim of the Diploma Thesis is to monitor changes in the second home in a protected landscape area Kokořínsko. The comparison of the second home in Sudetenland and in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia is emphasised. Although this district did not belong to the important areas of the second home from the very beginning, after the Second World War Kokořínsko became more developed, mainly in the terms of cottage building. The Thesis is divided into several parts. Individual parts are important for understanding the second home in this district. The Thesis deals with a brief history of the second home in Kokořínsko and characterises the Sudetenland with the whole area from the point of view of development and localization. Concerning research methods, the Thesis uses mainly a field research method, a questionnaire survey and a statistic data research. Key words: a second home, protected landscape area Kokořínsko, folk architecture, Sudetenland

Předkládaná práce se zabývá tématikou lidové architektury v Jizerských horách se zaměřením na štíty domů. První část práce seznamuje čtenáře s tématem a dosavadním výzkumem v dané oblasti. V dalších kapitolách je představena architektura severních Čech a konkrétně pak Jizerských hor. Toto téma je obsaženo včetně popisu vývoje osídlení. Další část práce se věnuje štítu domu a typům jeho výzdoby v severních Čechách, v Jizerských horách a zaměřuje se na lomenice a dřevěné bedněné štíty včetně menších zdobných prvků, dále na břidlicové a eternitové skládané štíty a také na okna a jejich úpravu. Závěrečná část práce pak předkládá zpracovaný terénní výzkum, který probíhal v jizerskohorských lokalitách Karlov a Bílý Potok. Obsažen je popis obou obcí včetně jejich historie a dále popis zachovaných hodnotných objektů. Na přiloženém CD je zpracovaný fotografický katalog. Následuje zhodnocení terénního výzkumu a jeho zasazení do předcházející teoretické části.

It is a project of a complex consisting of an apartment building for the elderly, supplemented by a commercial area of the restaurant and the adjoining park area with sports areas for children's, multipurpose, workout and for seniors focused playgrounds. In the immediate vicinity are new family houses and recreational objects of a garden character. The area is a transition between the historic center and the free outpost of the village. The proposed buildings reflect their tradition of folk architecture, preserving the "genius loci" of the village and beyond the edict of the monumental institute.

The aim was to create a new space for sport near the elementary school. The building is directly connected with the school and at the same time refers to the folk architecture of Walachia, mainly because of extrierer signs. The new sports hall will serve elementary school pupils and the general public.

The topic of the diploma thesis refers to a research carried out by the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, under the leadership of Mr. Jiří Vaníček. The goal of this thesis is to determine and evaluate the effects of monument protection of rural mansions on the life and development of villages, to analyze potential problems and to search for opportunities to ensure further improvements. In its theoretical part, the thesis maps the legislation governing monument protection in the Czech Republic, with a focus on the monument protection of works of folk architecture. Its practical part is based on a sociological survey carried out in the Mladá Boleslav region, namely in villages that are subject to flat monument protection (Mužský Rural Monument Reserve (RMR), Víska RMR, Březinka Rural Monument Zone (RMZ), Skalsko RMZ, Loukov RMZ and Kluky RMZ), in the form of a questionnaire survey and focus-group discussions. The respondents were owners of properties in the protected villages, their mayors and public officials responsible for monument care. The results obtained from the questionnaires are compared with the results obtained from a survey conducted by the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. The results of focus-group discussions were then used for a detailed analysis of the attitudes of all groups involved and for the definition of key areas decisive for mutual relationships between the owners of protected properties, local governments and public administration. A principal issue of the entire thesis is to determine to what extent the lives of people residing in the above-mentioned villages are influenced by the fact that their village has become a rural monument reserve or zone.