Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2017-05-04T13:28:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Eduardo Pereira de Andrade Ferreira.pdf: 1304369 bytes, checksum: 620d432e3b7c65dcc3630bba676e1517 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T13:28:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Eduardo Pereira de Andrade Ferreira.pdf: 1304369 bytes, checksum: 620d432e3b7c65dcc3630bba676e1517 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The efficiency of different biotechnologies applied to reproduction of the bovine female is closely related to the quality of ovulatory follicles. The recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST-r) has been described as stimulating follicle and oocyte. In this work we evaluated its influence on superovulatory response and embryo quality in Bos indicus cows, located at State of Pernambuco, Brazil.. Twenty cows, 10 in control group and 10 in treatment group (BST) were used. The animals in the BST group were treated with 500 mg of r-bST and controls with sterile saline solution every seven days totaling four applications until beginning of superovulation protocol (SOV). This began on a random day of estrous cycle considered D0, with the introduction of intravaginal Progesterone device (P4) combined with 2 mg of estradiol benzoate. At D4 it started follicular stimulation with 200mg of Follicle Stimulating Hormone in eight decreasing doses, with two daily applications. At D6 0.5 mg of cloprostenol was administered, with the P4 being removed in D7 and 24 hours after 1500 IU of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin was administered, and artificial insemination was performed 12 and 24 hours later. In D15 and 16 collections of embryos were carried out by non-surgical method, evaluated, classified and stored for later evaluation by fluorescence microscopy. All animals underwent monitoring of follicular dynamics in the days of treatment, collection and during the SOV protocol and collection of embryos; body condition score (BCS) was evaluated every seven days. The results were analyzed by ANOVA with a significance level of 5% . The BST group showed follicular diameter and number of follicles significante higher at some moments and it was seen a significant reduction of ECC (p<0.05). In other hand, only a numeric increase (p<0.05) was observed in the number of corpus luteum, total and viable embryos. It was observed a higher proportion of embryonic development stages more mature in BST group. So it was concluded that r-bST favors a strengthening of the SOV, however not targeting the ultimate goal, or a greater number of embryos, although numerically this occurred. Further study are necessary on application form and dosage used, based upon high variability of the results showed in other studies. / A eficiência das diferentes biotécnicas aplicadas à reprodução da fêmea bovina está intimamente relacionada à qualidade dos folículos ovulatórios. A somatotropina recombinante bovina (r-bST) tem sido descrita como estimuladora dos folículos e oócitos. Nesse trabalho avaliou-se sua influência na resposta superovulatória e na qualidade dos embriões de vacas Bos indicus, localizadas no agreste meridional de Pernambuco. Foram utilizadas 20 vacas, 10 no grupo controle e 10 no grupo tratamento (BST). Os animais do grupo BST foram medicados com 500 mg de r-bST e as controles com solução fisiológica estéril de sete em sete dias somando-se quatro aplicações até o inicio do protocolo de superovulação (SOV). Este se iniciou em dia aleatório do ciclo estral com a introdução do implante intravaginal de Progesterona (P4), associado a 2 mg de Benzoato de Estradiol, sendo considerado D0. No D4 se iniciou a estimulação folicular com 200 mg do Hormônio Folículo Estimulante, em oito doses decrescentes, com duas aplicações diárias. No D6 foi aplicado 0,5 mg de Cloprostenol, sendo a P4 retirado no D7 e 24 horas depois aplicado 1500 UI de Gonadotrofina Coriônica Humana, e inseminação feitas 12 e 24 horas depois. Nos D15 e 16 foram realizadas as coletas dos embriões, pelo método não cirúrgico, avaliados, classificados e armazenados para avaliação do total de células por fluorescência. Todos os animais passaram por acompanhamento da dinâmica folicular nos dias de tratamento, da coleta e durante o protocolo de SOV e coleta dos embriões, sendo avaliados de sete em sete dias o seu escore de condição corporal (ECC). Os resultados obtidos foram analisados por ANOVA com nível de significância de 5%. O grupo BST apresentou diâmetro folicular e número de folículos mais elevados em alguns momentos e redução do ECC (p<0,05), sendo observada elevação numérica (p>0,05) no número de corpos lúteos, embriões totais e viáveis, além de uma maior proporção de estádios embrionários mais maduros. Assim, conclui-se que o r-bST possivelmente potencializa os resultados da SOV, apesar de não atingir o objetivo final que seria um maior número de embriões, mesmo sendo visto nestas condições experimentais um aumento numérico dos mesmos. Mais estudos com relação a forma de aplicação e a dose utilizada são necessário, devido a alta variabilidade dos resultados.

MSCAGR (Animal Science) / Department of Animal Science / The main purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of ultrasonography in monitoring reproductive organs, pregnancy diagnosis, and foetal gender identification and to verify its reliability by laparoscopy and laparotomy, where applicable. Reproductive organs, pregnancy diagnosis and gender of the foetus were examined by A-mode ultrasound using 3.0 - 8.0 MHz trans-rectal transducer. A Sony Olympus Model laparoscope with a camera transducer was used to monitor the reproductive organs and pregnancy diagnosis. In monitoring the follicular dynamics, daily ultrasonography (ULTS) scanning was done for 17 days in sheep and for 21 days in both goats and cattle. Follicles of diameter ≥ 3 mm were selected for analysis of growth, ovulation and regression. For determining the efficiency of the techniques, laparoscopy (LAPSC) and laparotomy (LAPT) were used on days 3 and 10 of the goats and sheep oestrous cycle. The follicles were grouped into three categories according to their diameter as 3 - 4.9 mm, 5 - 7.9 mm and ≥ 8 mm, whereas the follicles of cattle were grouped as 3 - 4.9 mm, 5 - 9.9 mm and ≥ 10 mm. Early pregnancy diagnosis examinations were carried out from day 18 post insemination until pregnancy was confirmed. Foetal gender examinations were conducted from day 40 of pregnancy until the day the gender of the foetus was confirmed. Follicular development was accompanied by the occurrence of waves of follicular growth at different period of the oestrous cycle. The first follicular wave emerged on day 1.0 ± 0.4 in goats, 1.2 ± 0.4 in sheep and 2.2 ± 0.4 in cattle. The maximum diameter of the dominant follicles of observed follicular waves in goats was 7.3 ± 0.4 mm, 6.6 ± 0.2 mm, 7.3 ± 0.2 mm; in sheep was 6.4 ± 0.4 mm, 6.6 ± 0.4 mm and 6.7 ± 0.7 mm and in cattle was 13.1 ± 0.8 mm, 14.2 ± 0.6 mm and 15.7 ± 0.6 mm in wave 1, 2 and 3, respectively. However, the maximum size of the dominant follicle of the ovulatory wave in cattle was larger than the dominant follicles of both first and second waves, but in goats and sheep the dominant follicles were of similar size throughout the waves. In cattle, the ovulatory wave was shorter (p ˂ 0.05) than the duration of the first and second waves, while in sheep and goats were similar throughout the waves. In goats the total number of follicles counted in right and left ovaries under category 3 - 4.9 mm was lower with ULTS and LAPSC than with LAPT method (p ˂ 0.05). In sheep the mean number of follicles between 3 - 4.9 mm category in both right and left ovaries were different (p ˂ 0.05) between ULTS and LAPT. However, for categories 5 - 7.9 mm and ≥ 8 mm in both goats and sheep the mean numbers of follicles observed by all techniques were similar (p ˃ 0.05). In goats, pregnancy diagnosis accuracy improved from zero percent on day 18 to 100% on day 26 - 28, in sheep pregnancy diagnosis was 40% on day 18 and improved to 100% on day 20 - 22 vi of gestation. In cattle accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis was not possible at day 18 and gradually increased to 100% on day 30 - 32 of gestation. Out of 5 (100%) goat’s foetuses whose gender was determined, the diagnosis was correct in 100% (3/3) of the male foetuses and 100% (2/2) of the female foetuses. In sheep two foetuses were sexed as males while the other three were sexed as females and were both 100%. Out of 60% (3/5) of foetuses examined in cattle, 1 (100%) was identified as male and the remaining 2 (100%) were identified as females. The results obtained confirmed that the accuracy for foetal gender by ultrasonography was 100% in all foetuses observed. The current study demonstrated that trans-rectal ultrasonography examination is an efficient method for monitoring follicular dynamics, diagnosing pregnancy and foetal gender identification and that it is as reliable as laparoscopy and laparotomy where they were applied together. / NRF