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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Méthodes d’ensembles pour l’apprentissage multi-tâche avec des tâches hétérogènes et sans restrictions / Ensemble Methods to Learn Multiple Heterogenous Tasks without Restrictions

Faddoul, Jean-Baptiste 18 June 2012 (has links)
Apprendre des tâches simultanément peut améliorer la performance de prédiction par rapport à l'apprentissage de ces tâches de manière indépendante. Dans cette thèse, nous considérons l'apprentissage multi-tâche lorsque le nombre de tâches est grand. En outre, nous débattons des restrictions imposées sur les tâches. Ces restrictions peuvent être trouvées dans les méthodes de l'état de l'art. Plus précisément on trouve les restrictions suivantes : l'imposition du même espace d'étiquette sur les tâches, l'exigence des mêmes exemples d'apprentissage entre tâches et / ou supposant une hypothèse de corrélation globale entre tâches. Nous proposons des nouveaux classificateurs multi-tâches qui relaxent les restrictions précédentes. Nos classificateurs sont considérés en fonction de la théorie de l'apprentissage PAC des classifieurs faibles, donc, afin de parvenir à un faible taux d'erreur de classification, un ensemble de ces classifieurs faibles doivent être appris. Ce cadre est appelé l'apprentissage d'ensembles, dans lequel nous proposons un algorithme d'apprentissage multi-tâche inspiré de l'algorithme Adaboost pour seule tâche. Différentes variantes sont proposées également, à savoir, les forêts aléatoires pour le multi-tâche, c'est une méthode d'apprentissage d'ensemble, mais fondée sur le principe statistique d'échantillonnage Bootstrap. Enfin, nous donnons une validation expérimentale qui montre que l'approche sur-performe des méthodes existantes et permet d'apprendre des nouvelles configurations de tâches qui ne correspondent pas aux méthodes de l'état de l'art. / Learning multiple related tasks jointly by exploiting their underlying shared knowledge can improve the predictive performance on every task compared to learning them individually. In this thesis, we address the problem of multi-task learning (MTL) when the tasks are heterogenous: they do not share the same labels (eventually with different number of labels), they do not require shared examples. In addition, no prior assumption about the relatedness pattern between tasks is made. Our contribution to multi-task learning lies in the framework of en- semble learning where the learned function consists normally of an ensemble of "weak " hypothesis aggregated together by an ensemble learning algorithm (Boosting, Bagging, etc.). We propose two approaches to cope with heterogenous tasks without making prior assumptions about the relatedness patterns. For each approach, we devise novel multi-task weak hypothesis along with their learning algorithms then we adapt a boosting algorithm to the multi-task setting. In the first approach, the weak classi ers we consider are 2-level decision stumps for di erent tasks. A weak classi er assigns a class to each instance on two tasks and abstain on other tasks. The weak classi ers allow to handle dependencies between tasks on the instance space. We introduce di fferent effi cient weak learners. We then consider Adaboost with weak classi ers which can abstain and adapt it to multi-task learning. In an empirical study, we compare the weak learners and we study the influence of the number of boosting rounds. In the second approach, we develop the multi-task Adaboost environment with Multi-Task Decision Trees as weak classi ers. We fi rst adapt the well known decision tree learning to the multi-task setting. We revise the information gain rule for learning decision trees in the multi-task setting. We use this feature to develop a novel criterion for learning Multi-Task Decision Trees. The criterion guides the tree construction by learning the decision rules from data of di fferent tasks, and representing diff erent degrees of task relatedness. We then modify MT-Adaboost to combine Multi-task Decision Trees as weak learners. We experimentally validate the advantage of our approaches; we report results of experiments conducted on several multi-task datasets, including the Enron email set and Spam Filtering collection.

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