The content of this thesis is a critical analyze of the current methods of risk reduction in a company engaged in food production. Based on the obtained information to suggest methods for measuring and reducing risks in the field of staff and food industry. The food industry comes up with a lot of characteristics of the field, such as professional staffing, increasing demands on the level of hygiene (as part of the enforcement authorities, and by consumers) as well as keeping pace with new trends and technologies. The main contribution of this work is to show how the selected company can deal with the risks and survive in a highly competitive environment.

Sweden has gone from an agricultural society to an industrial society which may lead to a less self-sufficient country. The concept of self-sufficiency has been a way to narrate how dependent a country is of the import to provide the population with enough food. The Swedish society is not only dependent of import of food but also import of fuel, chemical fertilizers, seeds and spare parts to various agricultural machineries. This study will investigate how agricultural area and enterprises and energy supply per person in Sweden have changed during 1970 to 2020. The results show an overall decrease of agricultural land with 16 percent and especially a decrease is found among smaller scale agricultural enterprises. In contradiction an increase is seen of large agricultural companies with 200 percent during this time period. The energy supply per person has decreased and after taking export into account the change is from 114 percent self -sufficiency 1970 to a 48 percent self-sufficiency during 2020. In conclusion; reduced arable land, decreasing agricultural enterprises and a lower degree of self-sufficiency makes Sweden more dependent on commercial agreements and more vulnerable for trade restrictions. Trade restrictions regarding goods to the agriculture industry could lead to food shortage in the country.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / The purpose of this study is to investigate determinants of land tenure, agricultural activities involvement, and the use of agricultural products and stock keeping among small-scale farmers across all nine provinces of South Africa. Little is known regarding tenure status that households typically use to access land across nine provinces of South Africa. The characteristics of household heads in small-scale farming still under-researched; and socio-demographic characteristics for household subsistence still scanty in the literature. GHS between 2015 and 2018 from StatsSA was employed.

INTRODUCTION: The Charlestown Sprouts Community Garden, one of Bostonʼs largest community gardens, comprises 105 plots--all producing food--located in the historic neighborhood of Charlestown. It serves mainly minority and recent immigrant member households who rely on the land as a source of fresh produce. To ensure the safety of food production at the garden, the coordinators sought assistance from the Department of Environmental Health at the Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) to: 1. conduct a historical survey identifying past land uses, 2. characterize potential contaminant exposures to gardeners, and 3. furnish health-protective recommendations to minimize gardener hazard exposures. In the process of meeting these aims, broader dimensions of food production in the urban environment emerged from the literature: soil safety for urban agriculture, environmental justice, food security, determining “safe” levels of contaminants in urban soil, and the expansive policy implications that these issues engendered. For the work presented in this thesis project, the scope of interrelated topics were refined and lended contextual structure for a semi-quantitative characterization of human health risk from potential soil lead (Pb) exposures. This was accomplished by employing probabilistic modeling with the USEPA's Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children (IEUBK) (2010). Under specified assumptions of multimedia Pb exposures, the model predicts a theoretical young childʼs probability of his or her lead blood concentrationʼs (PbB) exceeding a PbB cutoff. For this analysis, the recently promulgated CDC reference value of 5 μg/dL was used as a cutoff in addition to the model default of 10 μg/dL. The IEUBK was also employed to approximate a range of soil Pb concentrations that could be considered “acceptable,” based on a health-protective approach; that is, to estimate a soil Pb concentration that would not significantly contribute to the exceedance of PbB > 5 μg/dL as a result of exposures to lead in soil. In this evaluation, an acceptable soil Pb concentration is defined as a mean soil Pb concentration that is determined by consideration of minimizing human health risk and maximizing practicability of the means to achieve the soil criterion—a level that could be reasonably achieved and be safe for urban agriculture. METHODS: Research for the historical survey included, but was not limited to, consulting historical fire insurance maps, archived municipal and county records, environmental databases, geographic information systems (GIS), and gathering accounts from local community members, historical societies, and multiple Boston city agencies to build a historical narrative about the garden land and the adjacent properties. For the IEUBK model runs, multimedia exposure parameter values from Boston environmental data (air, water, and soil) were used as inputs for the IEUBK modeling runs in the absence of suitable site-specific data. Comparison runs were executed with soil Pb concentration data from compost sourced from the City of Boston Department of Public Works Leaf and Yard Waste composting program and from Boston-area private compost facilities. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The garden was established at a site with a varied history of land uses from rail yard, to salt plant, to unknown activities. Community-member accounts, corroborated by photointerpretation data, suggest that the site was possibly an dumping grounds in the 1970ʼs-80ʼs. Based on the findings of the survey, it is likely that a number of potential contaminants exist at the garden, including lead, arsenic and/or polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Based on visual inspection, point-source contamination of the soil is likely to be occurring at the garden, stemming from the treated rail ties that compose a majority of the garden plot constructions and of the plots inspected, the timbers appeared to be CCA-treated wood. The accumulation of site-specific knowledge gained through historical research, (GIS), and anecdotal evidence aided in determining what historical hazards were likely to pose a current risk to gardeners through gardening activities. The IEUBK model predicted a geometric mean blood value of 2.73 μg/dL with an associated risk of a young childʼs PbB exceeding 5 ug/dL as 9.9% using default parameter values. In comparison, to achieve a goal of less than 5% risk, the IEUBK modeling indicated that soil Pb would have to be less than 153 mg/kg. Under the guidance of BUSPH faculty, the findings and consequent recommendations, differing in remediation technique and resource-intensiveness, were summarized in a document for the garden steering committeeʼs development of imminent renovation plans.

This study examines the experiences of women who work in the meat industry. Drawing from symbolic interaction and standpoint theory frameworks, this research focuses on how gender, race, and nationality influence work experiences and family life for women in comparison to men in the meat industry. This study is based on 15 in-depth interviews with men and women who work in management positions and in the processing rooms of meat companies where non-human animals are disassembled in the production of food. Data collection and analysis were performed using grounded theory methods of inquiry. Participants' stories highlight women's experience in adapting to the organizational culture of the meat industry, strategies of survival in everyday life in the organization, and the conflict between work and family. While women in management positions discuss the process of fitting into the male-dominated organizational culture, women in the processing room experience gender segregation and inequality that prevents moving into the men's world of processing management, a separation that is built into the structure of the facility. This study contributes to the literature on work in the meat industry as well as the sociological research on gender and work, race and ethnicity studies and research on the family.

Earth is an living organism where every living creature is an important part of a bigger whole. Our ancestors lived in symbiosis with the nature, today we are trying to tame the nature. Cities are expanding and the nature is being pushed into the periferi. Free flow of elements such as water, air, earth and plants are being controlled, disstorted, polluted and manipulated. Our political and economical systems are built upon the mind-set that we are separate from the nature and above the nature, but we are a part of the nature just like every other speecies on this planet. Our fast paced city-lives are creating a huge gap between the nature and ourselves and massproduction has replaced traditional craft and sustainable food production. Where is this going to end? How will it end? How can architecture help us reconnect with the nature and ourselves and inspire to a more sustainable lifestyle? Prana is not a building, it is a site. It consists of a multifunctional garden area with several buildings that together creates a whole. Prana is sanskrit meaning breath, energy or life force and has given the site its’ name because it is a platform for recreation, contemplation and knowledge exchange. We need to slow down, reflect and learn in order to feel the force and make a change, no matter if it is your lifestyle, your mind-set or your goal, no matter if you do it for the climate or for yourself. Prana is about reconnecting with the nature and yourself though arts, crafts, activities, food and food production. Prana welcomes everyone for a close nature experience of hot and cold, of fire and earth and community based learning.

No description available.

Local food production movements have claimed a central role in proposals to mitigate some of the negative effects of economic globalization. Although not meant to be a panacea for the ills of the neoliberal order, local food production is advocated as a sustainable solution to a portion of the environmental degradation caused by global capitalism, and as a mechanism by which to rebuild community networks undermined by the globalization of commerce and culture and create the type of sustainable development necessary to restore and preserve the carrying capacity of the planet. This study seeks to develop a conceptual framework for assessing the potential for communities to create and sustain local food production by addressing three major factors that influence a community's ability to localize its food system: the physical capacity of the region or locality to produce enough food to feed its inhabitants, successful policy and trade adjustments by governments to create and enable the survival of local food production systems, and the willingness of consumers to participate in a localized food production system, which includes the community's willingness and ability to bear the costs of instituting and maintaining the local system. / Master of Arts

Världen står under en förändring med att en allt större andel av alla människor har flyttat eller flyttar in till städerna samtidigt finns en osäkerhet i hur klimatet kommer se ut i framtiden. Klimatet förväntas bli varmare, mer oförutsägbart samt få ett extremare väder. Detta ställer nya krav på framtidens matproduktion. FN har i Agenda2030 identifierat att jordbruket behöver bli mer motståndskraftigt mot dessa förändringar och samtidigt öka produktionen för att tillmötesgå den ökande efterfrågan på mat. Baserat på studiebesök på två odlingar i Stockholmsområdet (den ena en urban odling baserad under mark och den andra en kommersiell växthusodling ute på landet) samt på litteraturstudier jämförs odlingarna för att sedan diskutera hur de står sig med avseende på hållbarhet och hur de på ett hållbart sätt kan främja framtidens jordbruk och matförsörjning, framför allt med fokus på den urbana odlingen. Odlingen under mark uppfyller en del av FNs hållbarhetsmål men det finns stor potential för förbättring; bland annat med en ökad integration till byggnaden odlingen ligger i och med mer avancerad odlingsutrustning / The world is facing new challenges in the form of climate change and the fact that more and more people are moving to, and living in, cities. The climate is expected to become warmer, more unpredictable and trending towards more extreme weather conditions. These changes will undoubtedly have an effect on agriculture and food production all over the world which is one of the reasons that the UN has identified the need for more resilient agriculture and in Agenda2030 set goals for how to respond to these challenges and at the same time produce more food in order to meet the increasing demand. This study is looking at an urban farming project in Sweden and comparing it to a commercial greenhouse farm in order to identify similarities and differences between the farms and trying to relate them to sustainability. The urban farming project is based underground and relies solely on artificial light which sets it apart from its greenhouse counterpart. By analysing their different ways of producing crop, together with literature studies the sustainable opportunities of future food production is explored and related to the UN goals in Agenda2030. While the urban farm examined in this study might not be able to produce food in a sustainable way urban farming, especially in combination with an increased integration with buildings and industry, is identified as a farming method with great potential.

As urbanisation increases choices in how to use green areas within cities growin importance, determining how several urban sustainability issues will play out. In urban environment the role for forest, both inside and at the city borders, is most important for the well-being of city inhabitants from several species, as well as provider of numerous ecosystem services necessary for anthropogenic development. Despite this,urban green areas are often given a lower priority in city developing processes compared to new structures, meaning them being transformed into built environments. This makes a higher awareness of what urban forests provides, and can provide, evident. Thus, this bachelor thesis presents the idea of urban agroforestry. The focus is towards agroforestry systems as they can be adapted and applied in a Swedish context. Firstly, literature review is used for investigating the concepts of urban forest, ecosystem services and agroforestry, defining and connecting them. Some of the critique towards the ecosystem services concept is lifted, as well as some specific ecosystem services directly connected to urban forest. Also, recent Swedish development in the agroforestry field is mapped and briefly described. Further, knowledge from this is adapted to the settings in Östersund, developing suggestions for construction of actual urban agroforestry systems. This part describes the local possibilities for urban agroforestry, as well as suitable urban forest areas, species and things to take into consideration in terms of risk assessment. Finally, the thesis also presents some suggestions for how to account for the change in ecosystem services in a more mathematical way. This is followed by discussion of both general findings and the local agroforestry potential, as well as some suggestions for focus points in further studies. This study shows that despite the cold climate in Sweden, urban agroforestry provides an interesting potential for preservation of ecosystem services as well as reconstruction of historical landscapes. It further suggests that urban agroforestry systems within Östersund should be focused on cultural services rather than high yields, by this aiming to connect to numerous local interests seen as defining for the region.