Thesis (doctoral)--Georg-Augusts-Universität, Göttingen, 1904. / "Inaugural Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Hohen Philosophischen Fakultät der Georg-Augusts-Universität zu Göttingen." Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-164).

Knowledge of carcass merit will help the meat duck breeder identify superior stock and accelerate genetic improvement. Selection for leanness will enhance product acceptance by the consumer. Heritability values for carcass traits are in the medium-high range. Feed intake level during rearing is critical for reproduction. The objectives were to evaluate (1) the response of breast muscle thickness of the F1 progeny from parent breeders selected for maximum muscle thickness at market age and (2) the effect of 2 levels of feed restriction during development for subsequent egg production. In a commercial flock, 4842 Pekin ducks (Brome Lake Ducks Ltd.) were individually weighed and measured by ultrasound for breast muscle thickness (MT, mm) at 47 days of age. Three groups of 120 females and 25 males each were selected and allocated to the following groups: (1) control (CT), randomly selected; (2) maximum body weight (BW), and (3) maximum MT. From 7 to 23 wk old, one half of breeders followed a conventional restriction (CR) at 67 g feed/kg body weight daily, the other half were slightly more restricted following a Macdonald restriction (MR) at the same intake as CR but with a weekly skip-a-day feeding. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2002. / Includes bibliography.

A presença de Salmonella em 200 amostras de alimentos crus de origem animal foi investigada empregando-se os dois ensaios imunoenzimáticos rápidos TECRA™ Salmonella VIA e TECRA™ Salmonella UNIQUE (TECRA Diagnostics, Rosewille, NSW, Australia) e o método de cultura convencional empregado rotineiramente no Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP. Quarenta e cinco amostras (22.5%) foram Salmonella positivas por pelo menos um dos três métodos. O número de amostras positivas de acordo com o método analítico foi 34 (75,6%) para o método de cultura convencional, 29 (64,4%) para TECRA™ Salmonella VIA e 27 (60.0%) para TECRA™ Salmonella UNIQUE. O método de cultura convencional detectou quatro amostras positivas não detectadas por nenhum dos outros dois métodos rápidos. TECRA™ Salmonella UNIQUE detectou sete amostras positivas não detectadas pelos demais métodos. Uma amostra foi positiva apenas pelo método TECRA™ Salmonella VIA. Considerando todos os resultados (positivos e negativos) o teste de qui quadrado de McNemar indicou que as diferenças entre os resultados obtidos pelos métodos rápidos, quando comparados aos obtidos pelo método convencional, não foram estatisticamente significativas (p>0.05). / The presence of Salmonella in 200 raw food samples of animal origin was investigated by means of rapid immunoassays TECRA™ Salmonella VIA and TECRA™ Salmonella UNIQUE (TECRA Diagnostics, Rosewille, NSW, Australia) and the cultural procedure used routinely in Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, SP. Forty-five samples (22.5%) were Salmonella positive by at least one of the three methods. The number of positive samples according to the analytical method was 34 (75.6%) for the cultural procedure, 29 (64.4%) for TECRA™ Salmonella VIA and 27 (60.0%) for TECRA™ Salmonella UNIQUE. The cultural method detected four positive samples that both rapid methods were unable to detect. TECRA™ Salmonella UNIQUE detected seven positive samples that were not detected by the two other methods. One sample was positive by the TECRA™ Salmonella VIA exclusively. Considering overall results (positive and negative) McNemar\'s chi square tests indicated that the differences between results given by the rapid immunoassays when compared to those of the cultural method were not significant (p>0.05).

No description available.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARy) is a transcription factor that regulates adipogenic genes and preadipocyte factor-1 (pref-1) is a transmembrane protein that regulates preadipocyte differnetiation. The role of PPARy was investigated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) by measuring PPARy mRNA levels in bovine adipose depots and longissimus dorsi muscle. No significant differences in PPARy mRNA levels were observed between 10 Charolais and 10 Holstein cattle for either tissue. Differences were observed between depots within these breeds. Correlations were performed among PPARy, carcass characteristics, and adipogenic genes. Pref-1 antibodies were used to immunolocate preadipocytes in bovine muscle tissue to the perimycium, near fat cells and blood vessels. The preadipocytes may exist in muscle tissue for short periods of time or may arise from a source external to the muscle. A computer image analysis program was developed for the quanitifaction and characterization of intramuscular fat in whole muscle tissues. / xvi, 154 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm.

Four experiments were conducted to determine the reproductive, metabolic, growth and IGF-I response to ultrasound selection for increased breast muscle thickness (MT) in Pekin ducks. Selection for body weight had a negative ( P < 0.05) effect on the reproductive performance while the selection for greater breast muscle thickness resulted in egg production, fertility and hatchability similar to those of the control line (C). Males from the MT line reached market weight at 6 wk but the breast muscle thickness improved from 6 to 7 wk. Compared to females from the C line, MT females had higher (P < 0.05) carcass yield, plasma glucose, and body protein; lower fat and plasma uric acid; and no difference (P > 0.05) in plasma triglycerides and total cholesterol. Males responded more efficiently to increasing dietary protein than females, and males selected for greater MT can be slaughtered at an earlier age when a high protein feeding program (HP) was followed. Males receiving HP had greater (P < 0.05) pectoralis muscles yield, longer keel bone, and lower breast skin and total skin fat yields. Female dissection data show similar (P > 0.05) effects of high and medium protein programs. Increasing dietary protein reduced (P < 0.05) carcass fat and increased (P < 0.05) crude protein (CP). In vivo breast muscle measurement correlated positively (P < 0.05) with body weight, pectoralis yield, and keel bone length. Birds with higher pectoralis yield tended to have more CP and less fat in their carcasses. A low correlation (r = 0.19) was found for the caliper measurement of breast skin plus fat thickness and carcass fat. We determined the metabolic differences between lean and fat male and female ducks, associated metabolic parameters and body composition, and assessed the difference between two feeding solutions for the determination of metabolic endogenous losses. There was a positive correlation between breast muscle:total breast muscle thickness ratio (MT/TO

The effects of dietary fat on the reproductive performance of broiler breeder chickens have been studied. Individually caged broiler breeders were fed diets with or without added fat during 19-wk reproductive period. In Experiment 1, only the females were subjected to dietary treatments: control (no added fat), 3% animal-vegetable fat blend (A-V fat, 3% corn oil (CO)), while the males received a non-added fat diet. In Experiment 2, only the males were fed diets containing 0 or 3% of either A-V fat or CO while the females were provided a non-added-fat diet. / In Experiment 1, added dietary fat produced significantly higher fertility and early embryonic livability. In Experiment 2, inclusion of 3% CO in the males' diets significantly increased late embryo livability and total embryo survival resulting in a significantly higher hatchability. There were no differences in semen characteristics among dietary treatments. These data indicate that the contribution of the male is not restricted to the fertilization of eggs but is also related to embryonic livability. The addition of fat significantly affected the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid fraction of the spermatozoa cells.