Thesis (PhD (Veterinary Tropical Diseases))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print format.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2008. / Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.

Inaug.-diss.--Bern. / "Literaturverzeichnis": p. 16.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2008. / Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-207)

No description available.

No description available.

Infection of animal cells with picornaviruses results in the accumulation of replication associated membrane bound vesicles and a cessation in the trafficking of integral membrane and secreted proteins. At present little is known about the role of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) non-structural proteins in infection, or on trafficking events in cells. In this study we utilise state-of-the-art bioimaging technology and fluorescent protein chimeras to ascertain the effects of expressing FMDV non-structural proteins 2B, 2C, 2BC, 3A and 3AB on cellular organelles, and on the trafficking of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG). The expression of protein 2C in cells resulted in a membrane bound reticular distribution that appeared to form novel structures juxtaposing the cell nucleus. In 2C positive cells these novel structures co-distributed with the ER markers ERp60 and DsRedER. The formation of GFP-2C positive structures was visualised in live cells using wide-field microscopy showing structures forming from the peripheral reticular distribution and migrating towards the nucleus. The putative role of microtubules in the formation and movement of these structures was suggested when cells were incubated in the presence of nocodazole. The possible role of protein 2C in FMDV infection is discussed. The formation of 2C novel structures however had no effect on the trafficking of VSVG from the ER to the plasma membrane. Neither did the expression of 2B (which formed similar juxtanuclear structures to 2C), 3A or 3AB. The presence however of 2BC, the precursor of 2B and 2C in infected cells, had the effect of blocking VSVG in the ER by an unknown mechanism. FMDV hasbeen shown previously to down regulate the surface expression of MHC class I on the surface of infected cells (Sanz-Parra et al., 1998), and the results of this study implicate protein 2BC in the inhibitory effects of FMDV infection

African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) play an important role in the maintenance of the SAT types of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in southern Africa. These long-term carriers mostly become sub-clinically infected, maintaining the disease and posing a threat to other susceptible wildlife and domestic species. During an unrelated bovine tuberculosis experiment using captive buffalo in the Kruger National Park (KNP), an outbreak of SAT-1 occurred and was further investigated. The clinical signs were recorded and all animals demonstrated significant weight loss and lymphopenia that lasted 100 days. In addition, the mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin values were significantly higher than before the outbreak started. Virus was isolated from several buffalo over a period of 167 days post infection and the molecular clock estimated to be 3 × 10−5 nucleotide substitutions per site per day. Seven amino acid changes occurred of which four occurred in hypervariable regions previously described for SAT-1. The genetic relationship of the outbreak virus was compared to buffalo viruses previously obtained from the KNP but the phylogeny was largely unresolved, therefore the relationship of this outbreak strain to others isolated from the KNP remains unclear.

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