The present thesis is an attempt to investigate the interference effects on the magnitudes of the ultimate failure loads for a group of closely spaced strip footings and strip plate anchors. On account of an increase in the number of different civil engineering structures, footings and anchors are often need to be placed very close to each other. In such a situation, the ultimate bearing capacity/pullout capacity of an interfering footing/anchor becomes significantly different from that of a single isolated footing/anchor. The effect of interference on the magnitude of failure load is usually expressed in terms of an efficiency factor (%y); where £,y is defined as the ratio of the magnitude of the failure load for a strip footing/anchor of a given width in the presence of other footings/anchors to that of the magnitude of the failure load for an isolated single strip footing/anchor having exactly the same width. No rigorous analysis seems to have been carried out so far in literature to investigate the interference effect for a group of footings and anchors. In the present study, it is intended to use rigorous numerical upper bound limit analysis in combination with finite elements and linear programming in order to determine the collapse loads for the problems of both isolated and a group of footings and anchors. Three noded triangular elements are used throughout the thesis for carrying out the analysis for different problems. The velocity discontinuities are employed along the interfaces of all the elements. The plastic strains within the elements are incorporated by using an associated flow rule. The Mohr Coulomb yield surface is linearised by means of an exterior regular polygon circumscribing the actual failure surface so that the finite element formulation leads to a linear programming problem. In solving the different problems taken in this thesis, computer programs were developed using 'MATLAB' with the usage of 'LINPROG' - a library subprogram for doing the necessary optimization. The bearing capacity factor Ny for an isolated single rigid strip footing placed on a cohesionless ground surface has been computed and its variation with respect to the footing-soil roughness angle (8) has been examined in detail. It is clearly noted that an increase in 8 leads to a continuous increase in Ny. The solution is also obtained for a perfectly rough footing without considering any velocity discontinuity surface along the footing-soil interface. With 5 = <|), the magnitude of NY becomes almost the same as that for a perfectly rough footing. The size of the plastic zone increases with an increase in the values of 8 and <j). The obtained values of Ny for 5=0 and § compare quite favorably with the solutions reported earlier in literature. The ultimate bearing capacity for a group of two and an infinite number of multiple interfering rough strip footings placed on a cohesionless medium has been computed; all the footings are assumed to be perfectly rigid. It is specified that the footings are loaded simultaneously to failure exactly at the same magnitude of the failure load. For different clear spacing (S) between the adjacent footings, the magnitude of the efficiency factor (£,y) is determined. In the case of two footings, the value of E,y at S/B = 0 becomes exactly equal to 2.0, and the maximum ^occurs at a critical spacing (Scr). For S/B < Sor/B, the ultimate bearing pressure for a footing becomes equal to that of an isolated footing having the width (2B+S), and the ground mass encompassed between the two footings deforms mainly in the downward direction. In contrast, for S/B > Scr/B, ground heave is noticed along both the sides of the footing. As compared to the available theories in literature, the analysis presented in this thesis provides generally lower values of ^y for S/B > Scr/B. ' In the case of a group of multiple strip footings, the value of £y is found to increase continuously with a decrease in S/B. The effect of the variation of spacing on §y is found to be very extensive for small values of S/B; the magnitude of ^y approaches infinity at S/B = 0. For all the values of S/B ground heave is invariably observed on both the sides of the footings. The magnitudes of ^Y for given values of S/B and <|) for the two footings case are found to be smaller than the multiple footings case. The vertical uplift capacity of an isolated strip anchor embedded horizontally at shallow depths in sand has been examined; the anchor plate is assumed to be perfectly rigid and rough. The collapse load is expressed in terms of a non-dimensional uplift factor FY, the value of which needs to be known before calculating the failure load for an interfering anchor. The magnitude of Fr is found to increase continuously with increase in both embedment ratio (k) and the friction angle (<|>) of sand. Even though the analysis considers the development of plastic strain within all elements, however, at collapse, the soil mass just above the anchor is found to move as a single rigid block bounded by planar rupture surfaces; the rupture surfaces emerging from the anchor edges are seen to make approximately an angle <|> with the vertical. The vertical uplift capacity of a group of two and an infinite number of multiple interfering rigid rough strip anchors embedded horizontally in sand at shallow depths has been examined. At collapse, it is specified that all the anchors in the group are loaded to failure simultaneously exactly at the same magnitude of the failure load. For different clear spacing (S) between the anchors, the magnitude of the efficiency factor (£Y) is determined. On account of interference, the magnitude of 4y is found to reduce continuously with a decrease in the spacing between the anchors. For all values of X and §, the magnitude of ^y for the multiple anchors case is found to be always smaller than that for the two anchors case. In contrast to a group of footings under compression, the magnitude of ^v for a group of anchors is found to decrease invariably with an increase in $ for a given value of S/B. For S > 2c/tan<j) , the uplift resistance of anchors in the group becomes equal to that of an isolated anchor, and no interference is seen to exist; where d is the depth of anchor. By examining the nodal velocity patterns, it was noted that in the event of collapse, a wedge of soil mass just above the anchors and encompassed within linear rupture surfaces moves vertically upward almost as a single rigid unit with the velocity same as that of the anchor plate itself. On this basis, a closed form solution of the problem has been developed. The results from the closed form solution for the group of two anchors as well as for multiple anchors are found to provide an excellent comparison with the rigorous upper bound numerical solution especially for the value of § greater than or equal to about 35°. For all the problems taken in this study, it has been seen that an upper bound limit analysis in combination with finite elements and linear programming is a very useful numerical tool for determining the magnitudes of collapse loads.

Use of geosynthetics for reinforcing soil beds supporting shallow foundations has gained tremendous popularity in recent times. In this thesis, to study and understand the behaviour of geosynthetics reinforced soil foundations, model load tests are carried out on square footings resting on sand beds reinforced with geosynthetics. The effects of various parameters like type and tensile strength of geosynthetic material, depth of reinforced zone, spacing of reinforcement layers, width of reinforcement and form of reinforcement on the performance of square footings on reinforced sand beds are studied. Results from these tests are analyzed to understand the effect of various parameters in improving the bearing capacity and reducing the settlement of footings. An equation is developed to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity of square footings resting on geosynthetic reinforced sand beds by multiple regression analysis of the experimental data. The model loading tests on reinforced soil foundations are simulated in the numerical model using the computer program FLAC3D (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3D). Finally parametric studies on a full scale reinforced soil foundation are conducted. From the experimental, analytical and numerical investigations carried out in this thesis, some important conclusions are drawn regarding the effective depth of reinforced zone, optimum spacing and quantity of reinforcement layers. Relative efficiency of various forms of reinforcement is discussed. Validity of the regression and numerical models developed is verified through experimental data from present study and also for data from other researchers.

Diploma thesis „ Newly bulit apartment house“ deals with a proposal of block of flats in Veselí nad Lužnicí. The block of flats has got four storeys with no celler, and is in a rectangle shape. It is independently built house on a flat terrain. Bricked construction consists of ceramic constructuion blocks Heluz and reinforced concrete ceilings. The building is based on foundation belts and is roofed by a single-coat flat roof. There are 29 housing units designed in the building.

This thesis deals with a new building technical control station, office space and hotel. The building is situated on three floors, on the first floor we find technical inspection station and office premises manual technical lines. On the second floor there are offices. On the third there is a hotel. The building is designed by a rectangular shape with a flat roof and on the third floor there is a trafficable terrace. The supporting structure consists masonry Porotherm and reinforced concrete system columns, which is found only on the first floor. The supporting structure of tensioned ceiling consists of prestressed beams ceilings Spiroll a concrete slab. External surface finish on the first floor is made up of silicate plaster paste and the remaining two floors are made of ventilated facades. Utility room is located on the first floor, from where a chimney Schiedel is build. Most of the floor space in the building are made of a carpet or tiles, only in the service line is epoxy coating

This master´s thesis „Multipurpose building in Kromeriz“ is in a stage of project documentation of new multi-function building. The builing is designed as detached building with four stories and a flat roof. There are commercial areas – caffe, reality office and clothes store – in the first story. Then there are cellar for flats. There are situated 14 flats in two stories . There is designed a luxury flat with a huge taxace in the fourth story. The building is projected in a system of Heluz company and it is based on the wall footings. A construction of ceilling is made by steel concrete slab

This thesis addresses the detailed design new buildings Wine Centre. The building is detached, three-storey, with a gable roof. Vertical and horizontal brick ceiling are from Heluz. The construction is based on monolithic footings and footings. The roof structure consists of trusses with burnt roof covering. Around the house there are parking spaces for cars.

I occupy with selected parts of the technological prepariation of building proces of a residential building in Vsetín in my diploma thesis. The building will be used for housing and retailing. The project is composed of eight building objects, while the main building structure is designed in detail. The subject of this thesis is the preparation of the technical report of the building, the treatise of the main technological stages, the design of the building site, the design of the main building machinery, the technology solutions including HSF and CTP, the construction budget, the time and financial planning of the construction and the specialization in the field of civil engineering.

The master’s thesis on the topic Kindergarten is processed in the form of project documentation for the implementation of the new building Kindergarten. Project documentation is designed to meet the applicable standards. The building is designed in the catastral of the city of České Budějovice. The building has two floors and it‘s designed from Porotherm with contact thermal insulation system, roofed by warm flat green roof and based on the footings of plain concrete. The ceiling construction is deigned from the prestressed concrete ceiling panels. The building contains three classes for a total of 60 children. Food and washing bedding is provided by imports.

The thesis deals with project documentation of a newly constructed multifunctional building in municipality Oslavany. The multifunctional building is independently standing and it is located on the flat terrain on the right bank of Oslava river. The building is of e cuboid shape with flat roof and one recessed floor. It is two-storey building without basement. On the 1st floor there is a rehabilitation center, cafeteria and facilities for flats that are placed on the 2nd floor. The part of the 1st floor is also the manager’s apartment and technology space. On the 2nd floor there are situated 7 apartments with shared outside terrace. Structural system is masonry with bidirectional support system. For construction will be used brick technology. Building has the flat roof. The staircase is straight, two flights of stairs with landing, monolithic. Foundation constructions are designed as areal, strip footings are rectangular made from plain concrete, monolithic.

The subject of this thesis is a new building of kindergarten in Zlin-Malenovice. It is a two-storey building without a basement and with a flat roof. For the construction was chosen flat land amidst residential area with good access. One of the main goals is to create a functional layout for daily operation. Kindergarten consists of four departments, each with capacity of 20 children. The building also has a kitchen, where hot meals will be prepared. The building is made of sand-lime bricks and it is based on footings. A car park for parents and kindergarten staff will also be built on the property.