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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

AvaliaÃÃo do ruÃdo e do desempenho energÃtico de um trator de rabiÃas com um arado de disco acoplado. / Evalution of noise and the energy performance of a tractor with plow disc attached

Silvia Ferreira da Silva 24 August 2012 (has links)
O preparo inicial do solo tem grande importÃncia para a produÃÃo agrÃcola, essa atividade à geralmente realizada por traÃÃo animal na agricultura familiar. Nesse trabalho estudou-se a utilizaÃÃo de tratores de rabiÃas como fonte de otimizaÃÃo do trabalho no campo. O experimento foi desenvolvido com um trator de rabiÃas com um arado acoplado na Universidade Federal do Cearà com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiÃncia energÃtica do trator de rabiÃas acoplado ao arado de disco utilizando trÃs marchas (1Â, 2 e 3Â) em um Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo, avaliou-se tambÃm o empolamento do solo e os nÃveis de ruÃdo com a mÃquina parada em diferentes raios de afastamento (1, 2, 5 e 10 m), e com o trator de rabiÃas em movimento utilizando trÃs rotaÃÃes (810, 1.040 e 1.360 rpm). Para obtenÃÃo de dados sobre a eficiÃncia energÃtica utilizou-se um trator de rabiÃas, instrumentado com sensores indutivos nas rodas para medir a patinagem dos rodados, fluxÃmetro para medida do consumo de combustÃvel e cÃlula de carga para obtenÃÃo da forÃa de trabalho na barra de traÃÃo. Para instalar a cÃlula de carga e obter estabilidade do implemento foi necessÃrio utilizar um comboio, onde o conjunto percorria um espaÃo 25 m com trÃs repetiÃÃes em cada marcha para as coletas dos dados. O empolamento do solo foi calculado atravÃs de dados obtidos com o perfilometro no campo e os nÃveis de ruÃdo foram medidos com dosÃmetro e decibelimetro. As variÃveis estudadas foram consumo horÃrio de combustÃvel (L.h-1), consumo especÃfico de combustÃvel (g.kW.h-1), patinagem dos rodados (%), forÃa de traÃÃo na barra (kN), velocidade de trabalho (m.s-1) e potÃncia disponÃvel (kW). Esses dados foram avaliados com o arado realizando trabalho e com o implemento erguido para ser feito de comparaÃÃo calculou-se as diferenÃa (resultados com o implemento arando, menos os resultados com o arado sem realizar trabalho), para estudo das mÃdias obtidas. A anÃlise dos dados foi realizada utilizando estatÃstica descritiva utilizando o programa computacional Assistat 7.6 beta. Os resultados mostraram que os valores mÃdios da patinagem foram de 10 % (1 marcha), 12 % (2 marcha) e 18 % (3 marcha). Os valores mÃdios encontrados para o arado realizando trabalho para o consumo horÃrio de combustÃvel foi de 5,45 L.h-1 (1 marcha), 4,22 L.h-1 (2 marcha) e 2,54 L.h-1 (3 marcha); o consumo especÃfico de combustÃvel foi de 3004,98 g.kW.h-1 (1 marcha), 4343,88 g.kW.h-1 (2 marcha) e 5787,91 g.kW.h-1 (3 marcha); a potÃncia foi de 1,54; 0,83 e 0,38 kW para a 1Â, 2 e 3 marcha respectivamente e as mÃdias da velocidade de deslocamento foram de 0,32 m.s-1 (1 marcha), 0,41 m.s-1 (2 marcha) e 0,44 m.s-1 (3 marcha). Os valores mÃdios encontrados para o momento em que o arado nÃo realizava trabalho, ou seja, o implemento estava erguido foi para o consumo horÃrio de combustÃvel de 6,58 L.h-1 (1 marcha), 5,98 L.h-1 (2 marcha) e 4,20 L.h-1 (3 marcha); o consumo especÃfico de combustÃvel apresentou valores de 3514,09 g.kW.h-1 (1 marcha), 4728,22 g.kW.h-1 (2 marcha) e 5787,91 g.kW.h-1 (3 marcha); a potÃncia foi de 1,54 kW (1 marcha), 0,83 kW (2 marcha) e 0,38 kW (3 marcha) e as mÃdias da velocidade de deslocamento foram de 0,27; 0,33 e 0,40 m.s-1 para a 1Â, 2 e 3 marchas respectivamente. O empolamento do solo chegou a 75 % (2 marcha) e obteve valores de aproximadamente 64 % para a 1 e 3 marcha. E os nÃveis de ruÃdo encontrados utilizando o dosimetro foram de 95,7 dB(A) (1 marcha), de 98,2 dB(A) (2 marcha) e 98,8 dB(A) (3 marcha). Os nÃveis mÃdios de ruÃdo encontrados com o auxilio do decibelimetro foi de 76,71; 77,38 e 80,80 dB(A) para as rotaÃÃes de 810, 1.040 e 1.360 rpm respectivamente. Recomenda-se o uso de protetores auriculares ou a diminuiÃÃo da carga horÃria de trabalho para o operador que esteja trabalhando diretamente com o trator de rabiÃas. / The initial tillage has great importance for agricultural production. This activity is usually performed by animal traction in family farming. In this paper, we studied the use of handlebar tractors as a source for field work optimization. The experiment was conducted with a handlebar tractor with a plow attached to it at the Federal University of CearÃ. The goal was to evaluate the energetic efficiency of the handlebar traitor attached to the disc plow, using three gears (1st, 2nd, 3rd) in a red, yellow argisoil. It was also evaluated the soil shoaling and the noise levels with the machine both stopped in different rays of distances (1, 2, 5 and 10 meters), and with handlebar traitor in movement, using three different number of turns (810, 1040 and 1360 rpm). To obtain data about energetic efficiency, it was used a handlebar traitor, an instrument with inductive sensors on wheels to measure the wheelsets slippage, a flowmeter to measure the fuel consumption and a loading cell to obtain the workforce in the drawbar. To install the loading cell and obtain the implement stability, it was necessary to use a train, in which the set traveled 25m with three repetitions in each gear to the collecting of the data. The soil shoaling was calculated through the data obtained in the field by a profilometer, and the levels of noise were measured with a dosimeter and a decibelimeter. The studied variables were the hourly fuel consumption (L.h-1), the specific fuel consumption, (g.kW.h-1), the wheelsets slippage (%), traction force in the bar (kN), work speed (m.s-1) and available power (kW). These data were evaluated with the plow working and with the implement raised to be compared. We calculated the difference (results with the implement plowing minus the results with the plow not working) to study the obtained averages. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics using the computer program Assistat 7.6 beta. The results showed that the average rates of slippage were 10% (1st gear), 12 % (2nd gear) and 18% (3rd gear). The average rates for the plow while it was working for the hourly fuel consumption were 5,45 L.h-1 (1st gear), 4,22 L.h-1 (2nd gear) and 2,54 L.h-1 (3rd gear); the specific fuel consumption was 3004,98 g.kW.h-1 (1st gear), 4343,88 g.kW.h-1 (2nd gear) and 5787,91 g.kW.h-1 (3rd gear); the power was 1,54; 0,83 and 0,38 kW for 1st, 2nd and 3rd gear respectively, and the movement speed averages were 0,32 m.s-1 (1st gear), 0,41 m.s-1 (2nd gear) and 0,44 m.s-1 (3rd gear). The average rates for the hourly fuel consumption that were found for the moment when the plow was not working, that is, the implement was raised, were 6,58 L.h-1 (1st gear), 5,98 L.h-1 (2nd gear) and 4,20 L.h-1 (3rd gear); the rates for the specific fuel consumption were 3514,09 g.kW.h-1 (1st gear), 4728,22 g.kW.h-1 (2nd gear) and 5787,91 g.kW.h-1 (3rd gear); the power was 1,54 kW (1st gear), 0,83 kW (2nd gear) and 0,38 kW (3rd gear), and the movement speed averages were 0,27; 0,33 and 0,40 m.s-1 for 1st , 2nd and 3rd gears respectively. The soil shoaling achieved the rates 75 % (2nd gear) and, approximately, 64 % for the 1st and 3rd gears. And the levels of noise that were found by the usage of the dosimeter were 95,7dB(A) (1st gear), 98,2dB(A) (2nd gear) and 98,8 dB(A) (3rd gear). The average levels of noise that were found by the usage of the decibelimeter were 76,71; 77,38 and 80,80 dB(A) for the turns 810, 1.040 e 1.360 rpm respectively. It is advised the use of headphones or the decreasing of the working hours for the operator who is working directly with the tractor handlebars.

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