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Using the data from World Business Environment Survey (WBES) on over 10,000 firms across eighty one countries, this paper finds preliminary evidence that foreign firms enjoy significant regulatory advantages - as perceived by the firms themselves - over domestic firms. The findings on regulatory advantages of foreign firms hold with a variety of alternative measures of regulations and with or without firm- and country-level attributes and industry and country controls. There is also evidence that foreign firms' regulatory advantages are especially substantial vis-a-vis the politically weak domestic firms. Furthermore, the regulatory advantages of foreign firms appear stronger in corrupt countries than in non-corrupt countries.

The growth of FDI inflow to developing countries is increasing, so have the questions of why some developing countries have succeeded in attracting and absorbing FDI benefits. These countries are seen to have found the right fit between the FDI attraction and the developmental agenda. Profound questions about the true value of FDI to host countries are addressed in this study. While FDI attraction may be justified on the basis of FDI benefits by foreign firms, it still remains critical to establish whether these benefits are automatic. As an attempt to answer these questions, this dissertation uses both firm level and country level data to investigate the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on developing countries.Interesting findings emerge from this study. The findings are in form of an interrelated structure setting, the study showed that technology, skills transfer and employment benefits via FDI take place only when the host country has the sufficient level of human capital, infrastructure and good local firms. And that the country must have stable political environment, consistent macroeconomic policy and good institutions in order to continue attracting FDI. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Dans un environnement marqué par une forte pression sur les ressources locales, des firmes étrangères à capitaux européens se sont implantées dans le secteur maraîcher au Maroc dans un contexte de recherche de coûts plus compétitifs. Notre étude propose une analyse conjointe des modes d'organisation de la production chez les firmes étrangères et de leurs impacts sur les économies agricoles locales. D'un point de vue théorique, cette analyse s'appuie sur la théorie des coûts de transaction, la littérature relative à l'économie et le bien-être des ménages et le modèle de Jovanovic relatif à la croissance de la firme. D'un point de vue empirique, les données primaires ont été collectées grâce à une enquête qualitative auprès des firmes étrangères et une enquête quantitative auprès des ménages agricoles locaux au Maroc. Notre étude révèle une diversité des modes d'organisation chez les opérateurs étrangers selon les spécificités de la production et de la commercialisation. Ces opérateurs ont différents niveaux d'implication en amont. En effet, ils ont élaboré diverses relations directes avec des ménages agricoles locaux via les marchés des inputs et des outputs. Des ménages locaux ont développé un salariat auprès des IDE dans des logiques d'accumulation de revenus et de minimisation de risques liés à leurs faibles revenus agricoles. Ces ménages ont affecté les revenus tirés de ces emplois à un réinvestissement dans le secteur agricole ou à une amélioration de leur bien-être. Nous montrons que les liens directs des firmes étrangères avec les ménages locaux via le marché des outputs ont des effets positifs sur la croissance de la SAU des exploitations domestiques, contrairement à leurs liens via le marché du travail et celui du foncier. Nos résultats confirment les prédictions théoriques du modèle de Jovanovic. La présence des IDE a été associée à une diffusion des effets spillovers horizontaux positifs sur la croissance de la SAU des exploitations locales, situées à proximité des IDE, mieux dotées en technologies et exportatrices. Le capital social de ménages locaux et leur zone de localisation ont joué un rôle important dans la croissance de leurs ressources foncières. Pour mieux comprendre cette dynamique, il est indispensable d'analyser les impacts des firmes étrangères sur l'évolution de la force du travail des exploitations agricoles domestiques. / Foreign firms with European capital in the vegetable sector in Morocco are developing in an environment marked by strong pressure on local resources, in the research of more competitive costs. Our study proposes a joint analysis of the production organization modes of foreign firms and their impact on the local agricultural economics. For our theoretical approach, this analysis is based on the theory of transaction costs, the literature on the economics and the welfare of households and the Jovanovic's model of firm growth. For our empirical approach, the primary data were collected through a qualitative survey with foreign firms and a quantitative survey with local farm households in Morocco. Our study reveals a diversity of production organization modes of foreign operators depending on the production and marketing specificities. These operators have different levels of implication in upstream. In fact, they have various direct relationships with local farm households through the inputs and outputs markets. Local households developed employments within FDI in the logics of income accumulation and risks minimizing related to their low farm incomes. These households affected income of these jobs to a reinvestment in agriculture or an improvement of their welfare. We show that the direct links of foreign firms with local households through the outputs market have positive effects on the growth of the domestic farms physical size, unlike their links through the labor and land markets. Our results confirm the theoretical predictions of the Jovanovic's model. The presence of FDI was associated with a diffusion of positive horizontal spillovers effects on the growth of local farms, located near the foreign firms, better endowed in technology and exporting firms. The social capital of local households and their location area have an important role in the growth of their land resources. Our study should be completed by impacts analysis of foreign firms on the labor force evolution of domestic farms.