Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-08-19T12:38:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese - Sergio de Sa Leitao.pdf: 2555306 bytes, checksum: 9cf4a027de7926b4d5fc1af1503bbf91 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:38:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese - Sergio de Sa Leitao.pdf: 2555306 bytes, checksum: 9cf4a027de7926b4d5fc1af1503bbf91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / A introdução do uso de STRs (Short Tandem Repeat) como uma ferramenta para identificação humana, revolucionou a área forense nos últimos 20 anos. Muitos laboratórios de biologia molecular passaram a oferecer o serviço de genotipagem com o objetivo de identificação individual tanto no âmbito forense. O serviço de genotipagem é finalizado na emissão de um laudo que, em muitos casos, será utilizado em tribunais e serve como prova em conflitos na justiça, por isto o laudo deve ser isento de erros e para garantir a minimização de erros nas conclusões dos laudos é necessário um grande controle por parte do laboratório, desde a coleta das evidências passando pela genotipagem até os cálculos estatísticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi criar uma ferramenta destinada ao uso de laboratórios de genotipagem com foco forense. O DNAstr.com é um software construído na plataforma web que foca a automatização das etapas de cadastro até a emissão do laudo, permite a integração com outros aplicativos e equipamentos do laboratório, faz análises estatísticas do banco de dados e aplica alguns dos princípios estatísticos dos softwares utilizados na literatura para a resolução de casos de paternidade e análise de mistura. / The introduction of the use of STR (Short Tandem Repeat) as a tool for human identification has revolutionized forensic science in the last 20 years. Many molecular biology laboratories began offering the genotyping service with the individual identification goal in civil and forensic context. The genotyping service terminates producing a report, which in most cases, will be used in courts and will serve as evidence of justice disputes. Therefore, the report should not contain mistakes, and to ensure the minimization of errors in the conclusions of the reports is needed a lot of control by the laboratory from genotyping to the statistical calculations. The objective was to create a tool, oriented to the use of genotipage laboratories. The DNAstr.com is software that facilitates the creation of reports, automating the steps to register and report emission, allows integration with other applications and laboratory equipment, makes analyzes database statistics and apply some of the principles of statistical software used in the literature to resolve paternity cases, and mixture analysis.

During the past couple of years, genetic genealogy has been used as an instrument for law enforcement to identify and catch criminals of unsolved cases. The method has created an ethical discussion concerning individual integrity and the potential risks an implementation of a method like this could cause. The purpose of this essay is to examine this method from an ethical perspective and discuss aspects like personal integrity, legislation and in what way people who send in their DNA to genealogy companies can affect their genetic data. Five different DNA testing genealogy companies have been selected to study and discuss in this essay. By examining their terms of conditions and privacy policies, the study will investigate how these companies act regarding the potential use from law enforcement of their DNA-databases to solve crimes. Parts of the current ethical debate regarding the method will also be presented and discussed to show potential advantages and disadvantages using a method like this could lead to. The results from the study show that forensic genetic genealogy could have both its advantages and disadvantages. Using the method has shown to be successful in capturing perpetrators behind unsolved crimes but it has also led to innocent people getting involved into criminal investigations. There are multiple ethical aspects concerning the method and the results show that there is a lack of research about the method and these aspects. There is also a lack of legislation or other forms of regulations regarding the method. The conclusion that therefore has been made is that there needs to be more research made about the ethical aspects of the method and that there needs to be more regulations to avoid the disadvantages using the method potentially could bring.

Since the mid 80, DNA fingerprinting has revolutionized forensic science, providing a powerful tool for research, currently being widely used in studies of paternity. Laboratories that work with forensic analysis of DNA carry increasing amounts of such studies and encourage the use of software systems that help with this type of analysis. One of the requirements for software of this magnitude is reliability, considering the level of detail of the study. Thus, it is interesting the use of formal methods. In this work, a software system called THÊMIS is built. THÊMIS uses Bayesian Networks as knowledge representation about studies of paternity, using inferences to obtain the results required by the forensic genetics regarding the calculation of the Index of Paternity (IP) / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Desde meados da década de 80, a tipagem do DNA (DNA fingerprinting) tem revolucionado a ciência forense, provendo uma poderosa ferramenta de investigação, sendo atualmente bastante utilizada em estudos de paternidade. Os laboratórios que trabalham com a análise forense de DNA realizam quantidades cada vez maiores de estudos desse tipo, incitando o uso de sistemas de software que auxiliem essa análise. Dentre as características essenciais para softwares dessa magnitude, está a confiabilidade, haja vista a minuciosidade do estudo. Dessa forma, é interessante o uso de métodos formais na execução de tais estudos. Neste trabalho, é construído um sistema de software, denominado THÊMIS, que utiliza o ferramental das Redes Bayesianas como meio de representação do conhecimento acerca de estudos de paternidade, obtendo por meio de inferências os resultados requeridos pela genética forense no que tange ao cálculo do Índice de Paternidade (IP)