Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-62). Also available on the World Wide Web.

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Orientador: Diego Silva Siqueira / Coorientador: Diego Silva Siqueira / Banca: Milton Cesar Costa Campos / Banca: Anderson Cristian Bergamin / Banca: Marcílio Vieira Martins Filho / Banca: Gener Tadeu Pereira / Resumo: Os solos contendo horizonte antropogênico na Amazônia apresentam características muito diferenciadas. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta informações sobre suas características e a relação com a assinatura espectral (espectroscopia de reflectância difusa) provenientes da expressão da cor destes solos, podendo ser ultilizado para compreender tanto seus processos de formação, quanto auxiliar como um indicador agrícola e conservacionista para o melhor uso destes solos. Este trabalho apresenta o objetivo geral de caracterizar diferentes ambientes de TPIs (Terra Preta de Índio) por meio da assinatura espectral, assim, compreender a influência das TPIs no estoque e efluxo de CO2 (fCO2). E dois objetivos específicos (i) mensurar os atributos do solo de ambientes com TPI através da assinatura espectral, visando tornar-se uma alternativa eficiente na identificação e caracterização destes ambientes e (ii) identificar através da assinatura espectral o potencial de efluxo de fCO2 e do estoque de C em TPI na região sul do estado do Amazonas. Foram abertos seis perfis de TPI, sendo coletadas amostras por horizonte em cada perfil. Para analisar a variabilidade espacial da TPI foi estabelecido uma malha de 70 m x 70 m e coletada amostras de solos em espaçamentos regulares de 10 m na profundidade de 0,0-0,10 m. Nas amostras coletadas, realizou-se a análise granulométrica, fertilidade, análises mineralógicas e a assinatura espectral nos solos. Na malha, também foi determinado fCO2. De form... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Soils containing anthropogenic horizon on Amazon very different characteristics. In this context, this paper presents information about its characteristics and the relation with the spectral signature from the color expression of these soils, and can be used to understand both their formation process, as assist as an indicator Agriculture and conservation for the best use of these soils. This work presents as a general objective the objective of this study is to characterize different environments with the presence of anthropogenic horizon of (Indian black earth) IBE through spectral signature, so understand the influence of the IBE in stock and flow of CO2. And two specific objectives (i) measuring soil attributes of environments with IBE by spectral signature, aiming to become an efficient alternative in the identification and characterization of these environments and (ii) identify by the potential emission spectral signature of fCO2 and C stock in IBE site in the southern state of Amazonas. Were opened six profiles of IBE, and collected samples for horizon in each profile. To analyze the spatial variability of the IBE was established a network of 70 m x 70 m and collected soil samples in regular spacing of 10 m in depth of 0.10 m. In the samples collected, sieve analysis, fertility and mineralogical analysis and spectral signature in the soil. In General, in difratogramas soils studied feature similar mineralogical composition, focusing on the iron and aluminium oxyhydrox... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

An incubation technique was used to examine carbon mineralization and inorganic nitrogen accumulation in samples of Douglas-fir and alder forest floors developed over soils derived from granitic, ultrabasic and limestone parent materials in western British Columbia and Washington. Samples included L, F, and H or Hi horizons of Douglas-fir mor, raw moder, mull-like moder and mull forest floors and alder typical moder forest floors. Carbon dioxide production by the forest floor materials provided an estimate of gross carbon mineralization and an approximate indication of gross nitrogen mineralization. Comparison of inorganic nitrogen accumulated and gross carbon mineralized indicated that a large fraction of the mineralized inorganic nitrogen is immobilized by the microbial population and (or) lost to denitrification. The Hi horizons (organic horizons containing considerable incorporated mineral matter) accumulated more inorganic nitrogen than did the L and F horizons. Alder forest floors accumulated more inorganic nitrogen than did Douglas-fir forest floor materials. Alder L horizons tended to accumulate ammonium nitrogen while the F and Hi horizons accumulated nitrate nitrogen. Douglas-fir mor forest floors were distinguished from their mull and moder counterparts by slower decomposition and less inorganic nitrogen accumulation, and by largely accumulating ammonium nitrogen in all horizons. Irregular nitrogen accumulation curves, for some samples of Douglas-fir L and F horizons were probably due to denitrification losses. Incubation conditions favoring nitrification, with no plant sinks to remove accumulated inorganic nitrogen, may have favored denitrification losses. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate

Forest road building and timber harvesting operations have been recognized as principal causes of forest soil degradation. These activities can result in accelerated soil erosion, excessive scarification, and/or increased soil density, which may adversely affect site productivity. A study of landing areas emphasize the deficiencies in current rehabilitation guidelines Increased soil density on both summer and winter landings was still evident at 30 cm and the soil nutrient quality was poor. Two field tests of a green fallow system on subsoil materials exposed by erosion and landing construction proved successful in building site nutrient capital to acceptable levels. Seedling growth response to green fallow crop establishment in the coastal study verified these findings. A benefit-cost analysis of several forest soil rehabilitation scenarios demonstrated the importance of including secondary and intangible factors. From a pecuniary standpoint, based on primary benefits and costs, rehabilitation was economically feasible only when a low social discount rate (2%) and an optimistic stumpage increase projection (3% per year), were used. A discussion of some secondary and intangible benefits (i.e., harvesting rates, employment, government revenues, erosion control, and industry image) stresses the need for effective forest soil rehabilitation. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22896号 / 農博第2439号 / 新制||農||1083(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R3||N5316(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 德地 直子, 教授 神﨑 護, 教授 吉岡 崇仁 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM