This study first explored the rate of forest deforestation in Shamva resettlement areas. It then identified and estimated the extent to which these resettled farmers depend on forest for their livelihoods. Evaluation of farmer perceptions on management issues and willingness to participate in indigenous forest conservation and the socio-economic and institutional factors which affect their willingness to participate were also done. Finally the study sought to identify incentives for forests conservation. The study was conducted in Shamva district in Mashonaland Central province. And the respondents were stratified into three groups: A1, A2 and Old resettlement models. The three models differ on how they were implemented and supported which might render them to have different deforestation rates, livelihood strategies and forest dependency. A total of 247 respondents were surveyed, consisting of 98 A1 farmers, 50 A2 farmers and 99 Old resettled farmers. The data was collected using GIS and remote sensing, structured questionnaire interviews and direct observation. The data was analysed using descriptive analysis, KAP analytic framework and binary logistic regression analysis. The land cover/changes results revealed that both deforestation and afforestation are taking place in Shamva resettlement. Woodland and bushland were decreasing, croplands were also decreasing. However woodland dense and grasslands were increasing. Deforestation was found to be as a result of the resettled farmers’ livelihood strategies which were found to be diverse and agriculture being dominant in all models. All the farmers depended on the forest but at varying levels of 19 percent for Old and 14 percent forA1 and 0.02 percent for A2 resettle farmers. 84 percent of the interviewed farmers however, indicated that they are willing to conserve forest with A1 farmers being the highest followed by A2 86 percent and lastly Old resettled farmers at 76.8 percent. Results of the binary regression model revealed that the significant factors which explain willingness to participate in indigenous forest conservation are age, marital status, education, gender, institution, culture and belief, employment and household size. The highest preferred incentive was the provision of free seedlings and the lowest was out grower scheme. The study recommends that GIS and remote sensing should be used to monitor deforestation, off farm projects be encouraged, exotic and indigenous trees be promoted and forest conservation education be promoted in resettlement areas.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2013. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2013-09-16T15:54:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_JoaoVitorCamposSouza.pdf: 1567281 bytes, checksum: f47ce50a5d6109d8435db02f3be6756f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2013-09-23T13:56:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_JoaoVitorCamposSouza.pdf: 1567281 bytes, checksum: f47ce50a5d6109d8435db02f3be6756f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-23T13:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_JoaoVitorCamposSouza.pdf: 1567281 bytes, checksum: f47ce50a5d6109d8435db02f3be6756f (MD5) / Os Congressos Mundiais de Parques Nacionais da União Internacional para a Conservação da Natureza (UICN), um dos principais organismos internacionais voltados para a conservação da biodiversidade e o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais, guardam registros sobre a recente história da conservação da natureza. A análise e reflexão sobre a documentação proveniente de tais reuniões, realizadas em Seattle (1962), Yellowstone (1972), Bali (1982), Caracas (1992) e Durban (2003), e sobre a literatura especializada permitem o entendimento de como percepções, motivações e disposições para a conservação foram sendo afirmadas e modificadas ao longo do período. Entre outros pontos, foi constatado o surgimento de um novo paradigma para a conservação da natureza, marcado pela inclusão de aspectos sociais, econômicos, culturais e políticos no contexto das áreas protegidas. Apesar de representar um avanço para uma efetiva conservação da natureza em nível mundial, o paradigma moderno não se apresenta como um substituto do modelo clássico, mas, sim, como complementar na busca pelo equilíbrio entre a manutenção da biodiversidade e o desenvolvimento humano. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The World Congress on National Parks of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), one of the main international organizations concerned with the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable use of natural resources, keep records about the recent history of nature conservation. The analysis and reflection on the documentation from these meetings in Seattle (1962), Yellowstone (1972), Bali (1982), Caracas (1992) and Durban (2003), and the literature allow the understanding of how perceptions, motivations and provisions for conservation were being asserted and modified over the period. Among other points, it was noted the emergence of a new paradigm for the conservation of nature, marked by the inclusion of social, economic, cultural and political context of protected areas. Despite representing a breakthrough for effective nature conservation worldwide, the modern paradigma not presented as a substitute for the classic model, but rather as complementary in the search for a balance between maintaining biodiversity and human development.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The America Civil War, natural awareness, and forests had a complex relationship. Through their mostly agrarian lifestyle, soldiers during the American Civil War demonstrated varying levels of natural awareness by writing in their diaries and letters about their daily interactions and observations of trees, agriculture, landscape, water, and destruction. One of the greatest demonstrations of natural awareness by Civil War soldiers centered on their interactions with and observations of wood and wood products. Soldiers needed wood for fires, transportation, and fortifications. They hunted for it, and dealt with shortages of the product. By examining what diaries and letters revealed on wood, we get a better picture of the relationship between the war and the natural environment. Besides using large amounts of wood, the Civil War also had an impact on conserving trees. The passage of the Morrill Land Grant act and the formation of a Department of Agriculture during the war helped the expansion of the Forest Conservation movement from 1865 to 1880. / Master of Arts

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2004. / Thesis submitted to the Division of Science and Engineering. Bibliography: leaves 360-392.

Thesis (Ph. D., Natural Resources)--University of Idaho, October 2007. / Major professor: Jay O'Laughlin. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online (PDF file) by subscription or by purchasing the individual file.

This essay offers a study of old growth forest policy in British Columbia and the American Pacific Northwest and, in so doing, attempts to contribute to the sparse comparative environmental literature that uses Canada as a case study. Specifically, the essay addresses the question of why old growth forest preservation policy divergences so dramatically between British Columbia and the American Pacific Northwest. After establishing that American Pacific Northwest and British Columbia old growth forest preservation policy diverges, the author employs a chronological methodology to reconstruct the current old growth preservation policy outcomes in both jurisdictions. The author then identifies a series of variables that affect old growth forest preservation policy in both jurisdictions, and examines each as a force of divergence. The essay discusses the different influences of two non-institutional variables-science and economics-and two institutional variables-federalism and legalism-on American Pacific Northwest and British Columbia old growth policy. The essay concludes by discussing the question of how each variable works with one another to produce this instance of policy divergence. The author finds that all four variables collaborate with one another and contribute to the divergence. However, the essay concludes that the major determining factor in this case of policy divergence is the interplay of the two institutional variables.

This essay offers a study of old growth forest policy in British Columbia and the American Pacific Northwest and, in so doing, attempts to contribute to the sparse comparative environmental literature that uses Canada as a case study. Specifically, the essay addresses the question of why old growth forest preservation policy divergences so dramatically between British Columbia and the American Pacific Northwest. After establishing that American Pacific Northwest and British Columbia old growth forest preservation policy diverges, the author employs a chronological methodology to reconstruct the current old growth preservation policy outcomes in both jurisdictions. The author then identifies a series of variables that affect old growth forest preservation policy in both jurisdictions, and examines each as a force of divergence. The essay discusses the different influences of two non-institutional variables-science and economics-and two institutional variables-federalism and legalism-on American Pacific Northwest and British Columbia old growth policy. The essay concludes by discussing the question of how each variable works with one another to produce this instance of policy divergence. The author finds that all four variables collaborate with one another and contribute to the divergence. However, the essay concludes that the major determining factor in this case of policy divergence is the interplay of the two institutional variables. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate