Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:19:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 batista_cm_me_ilha.pdf: 351886 bytes, checksum: 7a32bba46398f3b30fabc1d91c4aac59 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A intensa fragmentação dos habitats de ocorrência de Handroanthus vellosoi (Toledo) Mattos já extinguiu grande parte das populações naturais da espécie. Essa exploração inadequada vem comprometendo sua capacidade de sobrevivência nesses ambientes naturais. Neste contexto, as finalidades deste trabalho são a conservação ex situ, avaliação da variabilidade e estimativa de parâmetros genéticos em teste de procedências e progênies de polinização aberta da espécie arbórea tropical Handroanthus vellosoi por caracteres quantitativos. Mais especificamente, pretende-se estudar a herança de caracteres quantitativos, a correção entre estes caracteres e selecionar árvores superiores de H. vellosoi em um teste de procedências e progênies para a produção de sementes com ampla variabilidade genética para fins de recuperação ambiental. O teste foi instalado na Estação Experimental de Luiz Antônio, do Instituto Florestal de São Paulo em 1986. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos de famílias compactas, com seis repetições, com subparcelas lineares de cinco plantas provenientes de duas procedências, 17 progênies de polinização aberta de Bebedouro e 18 de Mogi Guaçu, obedecendo ao espaçamento de 3 x 3 m. O ensaio foi mensurado aos 24 anos de idade para diâmetro à altura do peito, altura de planta, volume, forma do fuste e sobrevivência. Para as análises estatísticas foi utilizado o programa estatístico SAS. As estimativas da diferenciação genética entre e dentro de procedências e progênies indicou que a maior parte da variação genética se encontra entre progênies / he intense fragmentation to of the habitat that Handroanthus vellosoi (Toledo) Mattos occur has extinguished much of the natural populations of the species. This exploitation is inadequate, compromising their ability to survive in these natural environments. In this context, the purposes of this study was the ex situ conservation, evaluation and estimation of the genetic variability and parameters in a open-pollinated provenance and progeny test of the tropical tree species Handroanthus vellosoi, based on quantitative traits. More specifically, we intend to study the inheritance of quantitative thaits, the correction between traits and to select superior trees of H. vellosoi for to seed production with wide genetic variability for environmental remediation. The provenance and progeny test was established in 1986 at the Experimental Station of Luiz Antônio, São Paulo Forestry Institute. The trial was established in a compact family block desing with six replicates, linear plots of five plants, using two provenances, 17 families from Bebedouro and 18 from Mogi Guaçu. The spacing used was the 3 x 3 m. The test was measured at 24 years of age to diameter at breast height (DBH), plant height, volume, stem forma and survival. The statistical analysis was performed using the SAS program. The estimates of genetic differentiation between and within provenances and progenies indicated that most of the genetic variation is found among progenies

Orientador: Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas / Coorientador: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes / Banca: Alexandre Magno Sebbenn / Banca: Ananda Virgínia de Aguiar / Resumo: A intensa fragmentação dos habitats de ocorrência de Handroanthus vellosoi (Toledo) Mattos já extinguiu grande parte das populações naturais da espécie. Essa exploração inadequada vem comprometendo sua capacidade de sobrevivência nesses ambientes naturais. Neste contexto, as finalidades deste trabalho são a conservação ex situ, avaliação da variabilidade e estimativa de parâmetros genéticos em teste de procedências e progênies de polinização aberta da espécie arbórea tropical Handroanthus vellosoi por caracteres quantitativos. Mais especificamente, pretende-se estudar a herança de caracteres quantitativos, a correção entre estes caracteres e selecionar árvores superiores de H. vellosoi em um teste de procedências e progênies para a produção de sementes com ampla variabilidade genética para fins de recuperação ambiental. O teste foi instalado na Estação Experimental de Luiz Antônio, do Instituto Florestal de São Paulo em 1986. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos de famílias compactas, com seis repetições, com subparcelas lineares de cinco plantas provenientes de duas procedências, 17 progênies de polinização aberta de Bebedouro e 18 de Mogi Guaçu, obedecendo ao espaçamento de 3 x 3 m. O ensaio foi mensurado aos 24 anos de idade para diâmetro à altura do peito, altura de planta, volume, forma do fuste e sobrevivência. Para as análises estatísticas foi utilizado o programa estatístico SAS. As estimativas da diferenciação genética entre e dentro de procedências e progênies indicou que a maior parte da variação genética se encontra entre progênies / Abstract: he intense fragmentation to of the habitat that Handroanthus vellosoi (Toledo) Mattos occur has extinguished much of the natural populations of the species. This exploitation is inadequate, compromising their ability to survive in these natural environments. In this context, the purposes of this study was the ex situ conservation, evaluation and estimation of the genetic variability and parameters in a open-pollinated provenance and progeny test of the tropical tree species Handroanthus vellosoi, based on quantitative traits. More specifically, we intend to study the inheritance of quantitative thaits, the correction between traits and to select superior trees of H. vellosoi for to seed production with wide genetic variability for environmental remediation. The provenance and progeny test was established in 1986 at the Experimental Station of Luiz Antônio, São Paulo Forestry Institute. The trial was established in a compact family block desing with six replicates, linear plots of five plants, using two provenances, 17 families from Bebedouro and 18 from Mogi Guaçu. The spacing used was the 3 x 3 m. The test was measured at 24 years of age to diameter at breast height (DBH), plant height, volume, stem forma and survival. The statistical analysis was performed using the SAS program. The estimates of genetic differentiation between and within provenances and progenies indicated that most of the genetic variation is found among progenies / Mestre

The Amazon region is one of the richest areas on the planet in terms of its biodiversity and natural resources. The large scale harvesting of trees in this region is a relatively new activity, and it is uncertain whether the exploitation of timber species will result in depletion of forest genetic resources. To examine this, I have assessed levels of inbreeding, gene flow, and genetic diversity in populations of Amazonian forest trees undergoing logging. Because of their high variability within populations, microsatellite genetic markers were chosen for the study, and it was verified through an initial sampling experiment that this class of markers is sufficiently stable within somatic tissue of large and long-lived trees such that population studies could be undertaken with them. By sampling adult trees and seed progenies at several microsatellite loci, high levels of gene flow and low levels of inbreeding were found within populations of Sextonia rubra and Carapa guianensis, two important insect-pollinated Amazonian forest tree species. Comparing seed progeny collected before versus after selective logging of a population of Carapa guianensis, no measurable evidence was found that that the population genetic dynamics is impacted by logging. In particular, levels of inbreeding, gene flow, and population substructure were the same before and after logging. Comparing different populations distributed over the Amazon basin, a phylogeographical structure in the chloroplast DNA of Carapa guianensis that corresponds to major tributaries of the Amazon river was discovered, suggesting that seed dispersal through rivers may contribute to genetic connectivity among populations. Overall, the results of this thesis suggest that the large effective population sizes, the high levels of gene flow, and the low levels of inbreeding in exploited Amazonian tree populations may allow them to counteract potential negative genetic impacts of selective logging, at least at the levels of harvesting carried out during this study, and for the Carapa guianensis population investigated.

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