My thesis examines the role and regulation of private, for-profit employment agencies in the British Columbia labour market with respect to the recruitment of temporary foreign workers. In it, I reviewed the historical origins of employment agency legislation in Canada. I go on to describe Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program in connection with the transfer of federal immigration authority to the provinces. I also present a case study demonstrating how temporary foreign workers are recruited for the Live-in Caregiver Program in British Columbia, and use the study as a basis for comparing British Columbia’s employment agency legislation with the agency licensing regimes in the other Western Provinces. I conclude that Manitoba’s recent Worker Recruitment and Protection Act frames a best practice model for the protection of foreign workers during the recruitment process, and I encourage other provinces like British Columbia to develop and legislatively frame a similar set of best practices. / Graduate

De nos jours, la transmission du patrimoine culturel immatériel reste une problématique internationale qui touche à la fois la question de conservation de notre passé et la question actuelle du développement de l’économie créative. Cependant, cette transmission se réalise à travers de différents biais éducatifs, qui pourraient être formels ou non formels, qui pourraient viser à former les professionnels ou les amateurs. Cette présente thèse a choisi le patrimoine artisanal et sa transmission comme le sujet de recherche, avec une attention particulière portée sur les formations formelles et non formelles, qui sont considérées comme les dispositifs de transmission professionnelle du patrimoine artisanal, le chercheur s’est approché vers un terrain spécifique, celui de l’artisanat de la céramique et a mené une étude comparative sur les formations formelles et non formelles, organisées dans les deux sociétés contrastées dont celle de la Chine et celle de la France, qui transmettent cet artisanat. En analysant les discours de 28 céramistes dont 14 céramistes indépendants (7 Chinois et 7 Français) et 14 céramistes salariés (7 Chinois et 7 Français), cette thèse vise à faire comprendre quels sont actuellement les modes (formels et non formels) de formation professionnelle en artisanat de la céramique, les plus respectivement favorisés par les céramistes praticiens en Chine et en France. Des perspectives sont dégagées sur les similarités et les écarts dans les comportements et les routines des activités de transfert, d’appropriation des savoirs et des savoir-faire concernés et de création à partir des savoirs et des savoir-faire transmis de chacun des modes de formation, employés dans ces deux contextes sociaux dissemblables que sont ceux de la Chine et de la France. / Today, the transmission of intangible cultural heritage remains an international issue that touches not only the preservation of the past but also the practical question of the development of creative economy. However, this transmission can be realized via various educational channels, whether it is formal or non-formal, which could aim to train professionals or amateurs. This thesis decided to choose the artisanal heritage and its transmission as the research subject, with a particular focus on formal and non-formal formations, which are considered as devices for the professional transmission of the artisanal heritage. The author advanced the topic towards a specific field, that of the craft of ceramics and carried out a comparative study on formal and non-formal formations, organized under the context of two contrasting societies, that of China and France, which transmit this craft. By analyzing the talks of 28 ceramists, including 14 independent ceramists (7 Chinese and 7 French) and 14 ceramists-employees (7 Chinese and 7 French), this thesis aims to offer a clear understanding on what are the prevailing modes (formal and non-formal) of vocational training in the craft of ceramics, that favored mostly by the ceramic practitioners in China and France. Observations and perspectives have been made on the similarities and differences in terms of practices and routines of transfer, acquisition, and creation of knowledge and the know-how of each of the training mode, adopted under the different social contexts of China and France, which are marked by sharp contrasts.

Esta pesquisa tem como eixo norteador as discussões acerca da formação e atuação dos pedagogos no Brasil, parcialmente expressas na implementação de diretrizes curriculares nacionais. Buscamos identificar quais mudanças são evidenciadas na formação inicial e na percepção dos pedagogos quanto às contribuições da formação inicial para a sua atuação profissional, fomentadas em alguma medida pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Pedagogia, que reestruturou o curso por meio do Parecer CNE/CP nº. 3/2006 e Resolução CNE/CP nº1/2006. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, envolveu os seguintes procedimentos: análise documental, questionários e entrevistas junto a dois grupos de pedagogos formados e concluintes do curso nos períodos anterior e posterior à promulgação dos referidos documentos legais. Inicialmente é feita a análise do contexto no qual foram implementadas as DCNP, buscando situar este documento na história do curso de Pedagogia; num segundo momento foi realizado um levantamento das percepções dos sujeitos da pesquisa, por meio dos questionários e entrevistas junto aos pedagogos formados em uma Universidade privada de caráter confessional, situada na cidade de São Paulo, nos dois períodos destacados acima. Por fim, realizamos a análise comparativa de documentos curriculares do curso de Pedagogia da mesma Universidade, dos dois períodos anteriormente definidos. O objetivo central era identificar e caracterizar elementos que ajudassem a identificar as mudanças no curso de Pedagogia e na perspectiva dos egressos e concluintes quanto às contribuições do curso para a sua atuação profissional, relacionadas em alguma medida com as determinações curriculares de produção central. Evidenciou-se uma série de mudanças significativas na composição do currículo do curso de Pedagogia desta Universidade, influenciadas essencialmente pelas demandas do trabalho docente, que conferiu ao currículo do curso uma base docente, especialmente em função de necessidades materiais impostas pelo contexto histórico e social. Concluiu-se que as mudanças evidenciadas alteram diretamente a natureza e a organização do curso de Pedagogia, de forma que esta foi a principal mudança ao longo de sua história no Brasil, por buscar romper, no plano das intenções formativas, com a dualidade entre o bacharelado e a licenciatura. E como consequência dessa mudança em relação à natureza do curso, evidenciaram-se também mudanças em relação a sua organização, o que se deu por meio de um processo de redução do tempo de formação, sustentado por um enxugamento do currículo. Por fim, identificou-se uma mudança na percepção dos pedagogos quanto às contribuições da formação inicial para sua atuação profissional, que se volta essencialmente para as atividades docentes no âmbito escolar. / This research presents as its guiding axis the discussions about training and performance of pedagogues in Brazil, partially expressed in the implementation of national curriculum guidelines. We looked for identifying the changes that stand out in the initial formal training and the perception of pedagogues concerning what that initial training adds to their professional performance, to a certain extent fomented by the Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o curso de Pedagogia (DCNP) [National Curriculum Guidelines for the Pedagogy Course], which has restructured the course by means of Opinion CNE/CP nº 3/2006 and Resolution CNE/CP nº 1/2006. The research of qualitative nature involved the following procedures: documentary analysis, questionnaires and interviews with two groups of graduated and graduating pedagogues before and after the aforementioned legal documents were enacted. First, we analyzed the context in which the DCNP were implemented, in the attempt at placing this document within the history of the Pedagogy Course; second, we conducted a survey on the perceptions of the research subjects by means of questionnaires applied to and interviews conducted with pedagogues graduated from a private University of confessional nature, located in the city of São Paulo - in the two periods highlighted above. Finally, we conducted a comparative analysis of curriculum documents from the Pedagogy Course held at the same University from the two periods defined previously. The core goal was to identify and characterize the elements that would aid in identifying the changes to the Pedagogy course and to the perspective graduated and graduating students have of what the course adds to their professional performance, to a certain extent related with the centrally produced curriculum determinations. A series of significant changes to what constitutes the curriculum of this University\'s Pedagogy course stood out, and were essentially influenced by the demands from the work of educators, which granted the course curriculum a teaching base, particularly as a result of the material needs imposed by the historical and social context. It was concluded that the highlighted changes were those directly altering the Pedagogy course\'s nature and organization in such a way that how the course is organized was the main change occurring throughout the curriculum history in Brazil, since it aimed at ending the duality between a Bachelor\'s degree and a Teaching degree, within the plan of formative intents. And, as a result of that change in relation to the nature of the course, a significant change stood out also concerning the course organization, which occurred by means of a process of reduced time needed for graduating, supported by \"streamlining\" the curriculum. Finally, we identified a change to the perception the pedagogues have of what the initial formal training adds to their professional performance, which is essentially oriented toward teaching activities within the school environment.

No / Aims and objectives To (1) investigate the organisation, provision and practice of oral care in typical UK stroke units; (2) explore stroke survivors', carers' and healthcare professionals' experiences and perceptions about the barriers and facilitators to receiving and undertaking oral care in stroke units. Cerebrovascular disease and oral health are major global health concerns. Little is known about the provision, challenges and practice of oral care in the stroke unit setting, and there are currently no evidence-based practice guidelines. Design Cross-sectional survey of 11 stroke units across Greater Manchester and descriptive qualitative study using focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Methods A self-report questionnaire was used to survey 11 stroke units in Greater Manchester. Data were then collected through two focus groups (n = 10) with healthcare professionals and five semi-structured interviews with stroke survivors and carers. Focus group and interview data were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework approach. Results Eleven stroke units in Greater Manchester responded to the survey. Stroke survivors and carers identified a lack of oral care practice and enablement by healthcare professionals. Healthcare professionals identified a lack of formal training to conduct oral care for stroke patients, inconsistency in the delivery of oral care and no set protocols or use of formal oral assessment tools. Conclusion Oral care post-stroke could be improved by increasing healthcare professionals' awareness, understanding and knowledge of the potential health benefits of oral care post-stroke. Further research is required to develop and evaluate the provision of oral care in stroke care to inform evidence-based education and practice.