Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alvaro Jose Camargo Vieira.pdf: 2108739 bytes, checksum: ce732f96ced29f1e6376d63e7c7baa7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The proposed study aim to understand, from the perspective of Critical Social Theory, the experience afforded to children in elementary school for football and behaviors triggered by this competitive activity. It s supposed that the game is an way of development because it provides intense social experiences it also considered, however, its ambiguity the participants can join violent forms of competition or can understand that the desire of winning should not exceed the respect to the colleague of the team and even the opponents, developing solidarity. The social experiences need to be considered historically, because they are not immune of what happens in society. It was established as a general hypothesis that football , although being an interesting activity as a mean of experimentation and learning of the social relationship at school its practice can t amplify the perception of individuals in society and can t promote critical reflexion. Additionally, it was proposed as derived hypothesis: 1st) football practice as it is realized at school doesn t encourage the formative experience of the mutual respect, solidarity and tolerance. 2nd) school football can provide violence among individuals. It was used as method observation protocols, sociometric tests in order to develop the sociograms elaboration and questionnaires directed to children and teachers. Found three types of recurring behaviors in football game: the respect and solidarity among the participants of the activity, the violent, practiced by those who attack physically or verbally colleagues, and the indifference or passive coldness, those who do not position themselves in the face of violence and fragility of other children. It was found, too, that the relationship between children are guided by performance during the football and in the classroom, what motivates the violence of exclusion and rejection of students during activities, and also, that prejudice and discrimination can motivate this violence that precedes the competitive activity, so we can not say that violence is based only in the competition / O estudo proposto tem como objetivo compreender, sob a perspectiva da Teoria Crítica Social, a experiência propiciada às crianças do ensino fundamental I pelo futebol escolar de salão e os comportamentos desencadeados por essa atividade competitiva. Pressupõe-se que o jogo é um meio de formação dos indivíduos, por proporcionar intensas experiências sociais. Considera-se, contudo, a sua ambiguidade, pois os participantes podem aderir a formas violentas de competição, ou podem compreender que o desejo de vitória não deve se sobrepor ao respeito pelos colegas de time e pelos adversários, desenvolvendo a solidariedade. As experiências dos indivíduos precisam ser consideradas historicamente, uma vez que não são imunes ao que acontece em sociedade. Formulou-se, como hipótese geral, que a prática do futebol, embora seja uma atividade que favoreça a experimentação e o aprendizado das relações sociais, no âmbito escolar, não consegue ampliar a percepção dos indivíduos sobre as relações sociais na sociedade e promover uma reflexão crítica. Adicionalmente, propõe-se como hipóteses derivadas: 1ª) a prática do futebol, tal como é realizada na escola, não estimula a experiência formativa, de respeito mútuo, solidariedade e tolerância; e 2ª) o futebol escolar pode propiciar a violência entre os indivíduos. Utilizouse, como método, protocolos de observação; testes sociométricos, visando à elaboração de sociogramas; e questionários propostos às crianças e aos professores. Constataram-se três tipos de comportamentos recorrentes em jogos de futebol: o de respeito e solidariedade entre os participantes da atividade; o violento, praticado por aqueles que agridem fisicamente, ou verbalmente, os colegas; e o de indiferença, ou frieza passiva, daqueles que não se posicionam diante da violência e da fragilidade de outras crianças. Verificou-se que as relações entre as crianças são pautadas pelo desempenho durante o futebol e em sala de aula, o que motiva a violência das exclusões e rejeições de estudantes durante as atividades. O preconceito e a discriminação podem motivar essa violência que antecede à própria atividade competitiva, portanto, não se pode afirmar que a barbárie tem como base exclusiva a competição

Submitted by FABÍOLA FERNANDES ANDRADE null (fabfortal@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-29T18:36:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - Fabiola Fernandes Andrade.pdf: 4033401 bytes, checksum: 68794ae7561c9a12b1079d679aef450c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-04T16:28:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_ff_dr_mar.pdf: 4033401 bytes, checksum: 68794ae7561c9a12b1079d679aef450c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T16:28:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andrade_ff_dr_mar.pdf: 4033401 bytes, checksum: 68794ae7561c9a12b1079d679aef450c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-14 / A presente tese está inserida na linha de pesquisa Teoria e Práticas Pedagógicas do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciência da UNESP de Marília, e articula-se aos estudos investigativos realizados pelo GRUPO DE PESQUISA PROLEAO (Processos de leitura e escrita: apropriação e objetivação). Seu objetivo primordial foi compreender o processo de criação de necessidades de leitura literária nas crianças, capaz de mobilizá-las para a apropriação do ato de ler, ou seja, da capacidade e atitudes leitoras, mediante uma metodologia pedagógica específica. A partir do objetivo geral, caracterizou-se a história de leitura e de formação da atitude leitora das crianças do quarto e do quinto anos do Ensino Fundamental. Também se avaliou a metodologia alternativa de leitura e suas implicações pedagógicas comparadas às práticas convencionais do ensino do ato de ler e às suas decorrentes transposições. Por fim, procurou-se compreender os diferentes sentidos atribuídos ao ato de ler pelas crianças. O lócus operacional foi uma escola do município de Fortaleza, na qual foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica em consonância com as investigações colaborativas, haja vista que sua construção se deu a partir de diálogos constantes com as professoras das turmas participantes dado o propósito de analisar conjuntamente os conceitos e as estratégias da metodologia pedagógica, para, em seguida, aplicar em sala de aula atividades que envolvessem as crianças na prática da leitura literária e da escrita. Desenvolvida no período de 2014 e 2015, além de possibilitar readaptações de acordo com o olhar e as vozes das crianças, favoreceu a conciliação da teoria com as práticas pedagógicas utilizadas pelas professoras. A matriz metodológica da pesquisa seguiu dois momentos. No primeiro, realizado sem a minha colaboração, observou-se que as crianças tratavam a leitura como uma mera tarefa escolar e não como uma "necessidade" ou um caminho para a "apropriação" da cultura, o que, de certa forma, explica o fato de chegarem ao quarto ano do ensino fundamental sem se constituírem leitoras. Também, nessa fase, foi constatado que as professoras priorizavam o ensino da gramática de forma isolada das demais atividades (leitura e produção de texto). No segundo momento, já com a minha participação, as crianças passaram a vivenciar a prática da leitura literária no cotidiano escolar, o que as levou a se apropriarem do signo linguístico como fato concreto em suas vidas, envolvendo-se nas atividades de leitura literária mediante uma metodologia pedagógica alternativa. Todo o processo se dividiu em três fases: a fase exploratória, a de produção dos dados e a da análise sistemática dos dados produzidos. Como resultado, houve um efeito positivo na formação leitora, uma vez que as crianças se envolveram nas atividades de leitura e escrita, passaram a conversar sobre os livros lidos e solicitaram outros livros de literatura além dos disponíveis. Tais iniciativas são denotativas de constituição da capacidade e atitude leitoras, mediante a criação de necessidades para ler, lendo cada vez mais, progressivamente, de forma autônoma. / The current thesis is part of the research on theory and teaching practices of the Post-Graduation on Education, Faculty of Philosophy and Science of UNESP Marilia, and it articulates with the investigative studies by PROLEAO RESEARCH GROUP (Reading Processes and Writing: appropriation and objectification). Its primary objective was to understand the process of creating literary reading needs on children in order to mobilize them for the appropriation of the act of reading, that is, of the reader’s capacity and attitude, through a specific teaching methodology. From the general objective, it was characterized the history of reading and creating readings attitudes on children from the fourth and fifth years of elementary school; it was assessed an alternative methodology for reading teaching and its pedagogical implications when compared to conventional practices and to their resulting transpositions. At the end, it was searched an understanding to the different meanings attributed to the act of reading by children. The Operating locus was a school in the city of Fortaleza, where empirical research was conducted according to the collaborative research, considering that its construction was applied from iterative dialogue with the teachers from the participant classes, since the purpose was to analyze collectively the concepts and strategies of the teaching methodology, and then to apply in the classroom activities involving children in the practice of literary reading and writing. This methodology had the operating locus at a school in the city of Fortaleza, where a survey was conducted following the collaborative research standards, in such a manner its elaboration came from a constant dialogue with the teachers of the participating classes, given the purpose of a combined analysis of the concepts and strategies of the pedagogical methodology in use, and then to apply the elaborated activities in classroom involving the children into the practice of literary reading and writing. The field research was conducted in the period from 2014 until 2015 and, besides allowing readjustments according to the children’s look and voices, it supported the reconciliation of the theory with the pedagogical practices used by the teachers. The methodological research matrix followed two moments. In the first moment, without any interference of mine, it was observed that children treated reading as a mere school task and not as a "need" or a path to the "appropriation" of culture, which somehow explains the fact that they are reaching the fourth year of elementary school without become real readers. Also during this moment, it was found that the teachers prioritized the grammar teaching detached from other related activities (reading and text production). In the second moment, with my interference, the children began to experience the practice of literary reading during the everyday school life, which led them to appropriate the linguistic sign as a concrete fact in their lives, engaging them in literary reading activities through an alternative teaching methodology. The whole process was divided into three phases: the exploratory stage, the data production and the systematic analysis of the data produced. As a result, there was a positive effect on the reader training, since the children were involved in reading and writing activities and they began to talk about the books read and requested literature books beyond the available ones. Such initiatives are denotative of the constitution of readers’ capacity and attitude, by creating the needs to read, reading increasingly, progressively and autonomously.

The aim of the presented theses is to discover and to compare the impacts of the education on the children in the preschool care and on the schoolchildren (teen-agers) as far as the acquiring of the basis of the Christianity as a religion and the formation of their life as Christians. In principle the corn of the theses lies in the assessment of the influence of different factors (as the family, friends, priest, Christian broadcasting, literature, participation of the parish activities) on the Christian faith of children and young people. In other words, whether the formation of the Christian life gained through the family (from birth up) has a more stabile and permanent experiences with God than the faith acquired at a later stage of growing up. The methods of testing, of questionnaire survey and the method of monitoring the behaviour of children and young people were used in the theses. The outcome of my research was the finding, that even if some adolescents have an interest in the matters of faith and God, this meeting with the religion does not form deep relationships to the faith as such and to the God. Only by a slight number of the young people has such a late cognition an influence on the formation of their future Christian life. By contrast, the acquiring of the Christian faith from the childhood on has other difficulties. The Christian faith of children faces the misunderstanding of classmates and later on of an atheist partner. Fort the maintenance of the faith of the adolescents the factors like family values, stand-points and patterns are of special importance.