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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Tecnologias de baixo custo para tratamento de esgoto rural : reator UASB e fossa séptica econômica /

Franceschini, Guilherme. January 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Jorge de Lucas Júnior / Coorientador: Valéria Cristina Rodrigues Sarnighausen / Banca: Marco Antonio Martin Biaggioni / Banca: Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro da Silva / Banca: Adriano Luiz Tonetti / Banca: João Gabriel Thomaz Queluz / Resumo: A falta de tratamento de esgoto sanitário ainda é um dos principais problemas socioambientais da população brasileira, principalmente no contexto dos moradores da zona rural, onde há grande déficit de cobertura. A partir dessa realidade, buscou-se na literatura experiências de sistemas de baixo custo que contemplassem a demanda para o tratamento de esgoto unifamiliar. Identificou-se que as experiências existentes, principalmente no Brasil, são pouco relatadas frente à grande demanda por este tratamento. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de duas tecnologias de baixo custo para o tratamento de esgoto unifamiliar, a Fossa Séptica Econômica (FSE) e o reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente (RAFA ou, em inglês, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanquet, UASB), tendo em vista identificar vantagens e desvantagens de suas aplicações. Foram realizadas análises laboratoriais de amostras do afluente e da saída dos sistemas. Primeiramente os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva, por meio de gráficos e medidas resumo. Para avaliar a eficiência foi realizado o teste t - student e obtidos os intervalos de confiança. Tanto a FSE como o reator UASB evidenciaram-se com desempenho satisfatório quando comparados aos tanques sépticos convencionais, que seguem os parâmetros de dimensionamento da norma brasileira, e com reatores UASB operando com vazões maiores. Para a FSE que tratou todas as águas residuárias de uma residência, com exceção da máquina de lavar rou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The lack of sanitary sewage treatment remain one of the main socio-environmental problems of the Brazilian population, especially in the context of rural dwellers, where there is a huge deficit of coverage. From this reality, we searched in the literature experiences of low cost systems that contemplated the demand for the treatment of single-family sewage. It was identified that the existing experiences, mainly in Brazil, are little reported in face of the great demand for this treatment. In this sense, the present research had the objective of evaluating the efficiency of two low-cost technologies for the treatment of single-family sewage, the Fossa Séptica Economica (FSE) and the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanquet (UASB), in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of their applications. Laboratory analyzes of tributary and outlet samples were performed. First, the data were analyzed in a descriptive way, by means of graphs and summary measures. To evaluate the efficiency, the student T test was performed and the confidence intervals were obtained. Both the FSE and the UASB reactor showed satisfactory performance when compared to conventional septic tanks, which follow the design parameters of the Brazilian standard, and with UASB reactors operating at higher flow rates. For the ESF that treated all household wastewaters, except for the washing machine, the removal efficiencies for the SST, BOD5 and COD parameters were 77.0 ± 23.7%, 58.4 ± 22.1% and 63.0 ± 22.9%, respectively. The FSE, which treated only black water, had SST, BOD and COD removal efficiencies of 76.2 ± 18.9%, 55.3 ± 19.2% and 60,0 ± 15.6, respectively. The UASB reactor, which also treated only black water, presented efficiencies of removal of SST, BOD5 and COD of 77.8 ± 17.5%, 57.2 ± 19.0 and 50.0 ± 21.7%, respectively. It expected that the present study to contribute to the dissemination of these technologies ... / Doutor

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