Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 1989. / Title from web page (viewed on Mar. 4, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009. / Title from web page (viewed on Mar. 26, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p.153-170). Also available in an electronic version.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2010. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on July 5, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Materials Engineering, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.) -- Worcester Polytechnic Institute. / Keywords: Collision; Automotive; Properties; Failure; Ligament. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-47).

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-12-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:47:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 espezua_svp_dr_guara.pdf: 3279613 bytes, checksum: 2a38798758d3d36e71cf3dbe4e0bf19a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Companhia Siderurgica de Tubarao / Materiais utilizados em tubulações petrolíferas são altamente suscetíveis a mudanças estruturais quando expostos em meio ambiente hostil e em baixas temperaturas. Para entender melhor o comportamento de tenacidade de fratura nos aços API 5l X70 e API 5L X80 conhecidos como aços microligados de Alta Resistência e Baixa Liga (ARBL), é proposta a avaliação da tenacidade à fratura verificando o conceito da curva mestra do método convencional da norma ASTM E1921-05. Esta metodologia usa o conceito da dependência da temperatura universal da tenacidade à fratura na região de transição dúctil para frágil, assim chamado de curva mestra. A metodologia sugere que pode ser aplicável em aços ferríticos CCC, incluindo aços martensíticos-ferríticos temperados. Neste trabalho, as amostras foram submetidas a tratamentos térmicos com o intuito de alterar a microestrutura e as propriedades mecânicas. Foram aplicados ensaios Charpy, tração, tenacidade à fratura e medições de dureza. As amostras foram testadas em várias temperaturas na região de transição para permitir a aplicação do procedimento da análise da curva mestra e a estatística de Weibull, mediante a norma ASTM E1921. Foram realizadas análises em microscópio óptico e microscópio eletrônico de varredura para avaliar as mudanças microestruturais e as superfícies de fratura, respectivamente. Os resultados dos aços API 5L X70 e API 5L X80 ensaiados mostraram uma ampla variedade de dados com características relevantes e dispersas. Com respeito ao valor de 100 MPa√m de tenacidade, o aço API X80 mostra melhor desempenho e confiabilidade do que o aço API X70. Ambos os aços mostraram fratura frágil com mecanismos de clivagem e uma microestrutura predominante de ferrita bainítica / Materials used in oil pipelines are highly susceptible to structural changes when exposed to a hostile environment and at low temperature. For better understanding the behavior of the fracture toughness in the API 5L X70 and X80 steels, both known as high strength and low alloy (HSLA) micro-alloys steels, the fracture toughness assessment checking the master curve concept of the conventional ASTM E1921-05 standard was proposed. This methodology uses the universal dependence temperature concept of fracture toughness in brittle to ductile transition region, so-called master curve. The methodology suggests that it may be applicable in CCC ferritic steels, including hardened martensitic-ferritic steels. In this work the samples were submitted to heat treatments, in order to change their microstructures and mechanical properties. Charpy impact test, tensile test, fracture toughness and hardness measurements were applied. The samples were tested at various temperatures on the transition region to allow the master curve analysis application and the Weibull statistics by using the ASTM E1921 standard. Analysis in optical microscope and scanning electron microscope were done in order to assess the fracture surface changes and their microstructures. Both results of the API 5L X70 and 80X steels tested showed a wide range of data with relevant characteristics and scattering. According to a 100 MPa√m toughness, the API X80 steel showed better performance and reliability than the API X70 steel. Both steels showed brittle fracture with cleavage mechanisms and a ferritebainite microstructure predominant

Cancellous bone constitutes much of the volume of bone which makes up axial skeletal sites such as the vertebrae of the spine and the femoral neck. However the increased vascularity of cancellous bone compared with cortical bone means that it is more prone to drug, endocrine and metabolic related effects and therefore these skeletal sites are more prone to the bone condition osteoporosis. With the bone condition osteoporosis increasing in prevalence it is becoming far more important not only for those at risk of having the condition to be diagnosed earlier, but also for the effects of the condition to be better understood. There is a need for the better clinical management of fractures and for therapies and medical practices that will best avoid the low trauma fractures that are seen as a consequence of the condition. This study is in two separate sections, the first constitutes an investigation into the diagnostic abilities of the CUBA Clinical and Sunlight Omnisense quantitative ultrasound systems; and on the other hand an examination of the osteoporotic risk factor questionnaires, Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument (ORAI), Osteoporosis Index of Risk (OSIRIS), Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool (OST), Patient Body Weight (pBW), Simple Calculated Osteoporosis Risk Estimation (SCORE) and the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOFSURF). The skeletal status was assessed by DXA at the axial skeleton. The aim was to differentiate between the systems that could rationally be used to screen populations to identify those who needed DXA densitometry investigations, on the basis of ability. The second section of the study focused on the biomechanics of cancellous bone, with the initial studies examining the compressive properties of both osteoporotic and osteoarthritic cancellous bone and the effects that the conditions have on the compressive mechanics of the bone. The later section is the first ever study into the K, G and J-integral fracture mechanics of cancellous bone. It used osteoporotic and osteoarthritic cancellous bone from the femoral head of a cohort of ultrasound scanned patients and of some equine vertebral cancellous bone. The study focused on the identification of the dominant independent material variables which affected the compressive and fracture mechanics of cancellous bone, and the differences that were seen between the two different skeletal conditions. In addition to the independent variables, quantitative ultrasound (QUS) scans were performed on the donors of the femoral heads which enabled investigation into QUS’s ability to predict either the compressive or fracture mechanics of bone in-vivo. The study demonstrated that the investigation of the calcaneus using the CUBA clinical system provided the highest level of diagnostic accuracy (AUC: 0.755 - 0.95), followed by the questionnaires, of which the OSIRIS questionnaire was the best performer (AUC: 0.74 – 0.866), and lastly the Sunlight Omnisense results. The best option for the prediction of the lowest feasible DXA T-score was a combination of the CUBA Clinical results, the individual’s weight and the OSIRIS questionnaire (r2 = 45.5%), with potential minor, but significant, support also added by the OST and SOFSURF questionnaires (r2 = 46.8%). The compressive testing demonstrated that osteoporotic and osteoarthritic bone both performed differently with respect to the apparent density, with the osteoporotic bone adhering to the previously published power function relationships, but with the osteoarthritic bone having lower power functions. The stress intensity factor for plane strain testing (KQ or KC) and the critical strain energy release rate results were both influenced primarily by the apparent density with the K values obeying a power relationship to the power of 1.5 and G a relationship to the power 2. However, both the composition and integrity of the collagen network, (demonstrated by collagen cross-link analysis), played roles in the explanation of the fracture mechanics results. The J-integral results were distinctly different to those of the K and G results with regard to their dependence on composition and it is hypothesised that this is due to the structure of the bone having more dominant effects than the apparent density. In conclusion, the fracture mechanics of cancellous bone are contributed to by a complex combination of a number of variables, but with apparent density dominating the K and G fracture mechanics to a power function of between 1 and 2. Currently available QUS systems demonstrated an ability to relate to the Young’s modulus and strength but also, in this study, to the fracture mechanics variables of the cancellous bone from the hip. This relationship is a profound outcome which may help the clinical management of the condition and the fractures when they occur. The dependence on fracture mechanic variables points to a clear causal relationship between the bone fracture parameters and bone condition as underlying factors of osteoporotic fractures.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2014-11-10T11:55:57Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:55:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP