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As porcelanas odontológicas têm sido dos materiais restauradores estéticos aqueles que mais têm evoluído nos últimos anos. Tradicionalmente, elas são friáveis e incapazes de suportar deformações estruturais quando submetidas a stress. Quando usadas na construção de próteses parciais fixas, uma subestrutura metálica é necessária para impedir que se fraturem sob esforços oclusais. Forças de compressão aplicadas em uma porcelana suportada por metal, de tal forma que não seja possível a sua flexão, poderão ser suportadas em elevadas magnitudes. Entretanto, falhas podem acontecer manifestando-se normalmente por fraturas que exigem a intervenção do clínico no sentido de corrigi-las. Diversos são os métodos propostos para o reparo destas fraturas e as pesquisas desenvolvidas no sentido de se avaliar a união dos materiais restauradores às porcelanas. Neste trabalho, foi feita uma análise das possíveis causas de fratura das cerâmicas, os métodos de reparo indicados, materiais empregados para tal e a eficiência dos sistemas indicados frente às variáveis que envolvem o procedimento restaurador da porcelana. A proposta foi avaliar a resistência máxima às forças de compressão de reparos de fraturas de porcelana realizados com uma resina composta híbrida fotopolimerizável, empregando cargas estáticas comparando-a com a resistência de coroas metalocerâmicas íntegras e dentes naturais permanentes, usados como grupo controle. Os resultados mostraram que frente às forças de compressão aplicadas, a coroa metalocerâmica íntegra e o dente natural não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante. A coroa metalocerâmica reparada apresentou menor resistência que a coroa / The odontologic porcelains have been out of the esthetic restorative materials those, which have developed the most in the last years. Traditionally, they are brittle and unable to bear structural deformations when submitted to stress. When used in the building of partial fixed prothesis, one metallic framework is needed to avoid them to fracture under occlusal efforts. Forces of compression enforced on a metal supported porcelain in a way, which is not possible to bend, they could be beared in high magnitudes. However, failures can happen normally revealing themselves through fractures, which demand the intervention of the clinician in order to evaluate the association of the restorative materials to porcelains. In this study na analysis has been made of the possible causes of fractures of the ceramics, the indicated repairing methods, the materials used for it and, the efficiency of the variables, which involves the restorative procedure of the porcelain. The aim was evaluate the utmost resistance to the forces of compression in repairs of fractures of porcelain made with a light-cured hybrid composite resin, using static loads and comparing it with the resistance of the nonfractured metal ceramic crowns and permanent natural human teeth, used as control group The results have shown that in the presence of the compression forces loaded to non-fractured metaloceramic crown and the natural tooth have not exhibited statistically meaningful difference. The repaired metaloceramic crown has exhibited less resistance than the non-fractured metaloceramic one. However, there has not been statistically meaningful difference to the permanent natural tooth

Fracture repair is a regenerative event that involves the precise coordination of a variety of cells for successful healing process. Within the microstructure hierarchy of bone repair, the predominant cells involved include the chondrocytes, osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Although the role of osteoblasts during fracture healing has been previously shown, their role during the initiation phase of endochondral fracture repair remains unclear. In order to study the role of osteoblasts during fracture repair, we used a transgenic mouse model expressing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene in early differentiating osteoblasts, which allows conditional ablation of cells in osteoblastic lineage upon treatment with the Gancicolvir drug. Results from this study suggest that not only are osteoblasts required in later stages of fracture repair as the medium for bone synthesis, and osteoclast activation during bone remodelling, but could also be required for the initiation and advancement of the endochondral ossification process.

Fracture repair is a regenerative event that involves the precise coordination of a variety of cells for successful healing process. Within the microstructure hierarchy of bone repair, the predominant cells involved include the chondrocytes, osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Although the role of osteoblasts during fracture healing has been previously shown, their role during the initiation phase of endochondral fracture repair remains unclear. In order to study the role of osteoblasts during fracture repair, we used a transgenic mouse model expressing the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene in early differentiating osteoblasts, which allows conditional ablation of cells in osteoblastic lineage upon treatment with the Gancicolvir drug. Results from this study suggest that not only are osteoblasts required in later stages of fracture repair as the medium for bone synthesis, and osteoclast activation during bone remodelling, but could also be required for the initiation and advancement of the endochondral ossification process.

As porcelanas odontológicas têm sido dos materiais restauradores estéticos aqueles que mais têm evoluído nos últimos anos. Tradicionalmente, elas são friáveis e incapazes de suportar deformações estruturais quando submetidas a stress. Quando usadas na construção de próteses parciais fixas, uma subestrutura metálica é necessária para impedir que se fraturem sob esforços oclusais. Forças de compressão aplicadas em uma porcelana suportada por metal, de tal forma que não seja possível a sua flexão, poderão ser suportadas em elevadas magnitudes. Entretanto, falhas podem acontecer manifestando-se normalmente por fraturas que exigem a intervenção do clínico no sentido de corrigi-las. Diversos são os métodos propostos para o reparo destas fraturas e as pesquisas desenvolvidas no sentido de se avaliar a união dos materiais restauradores às porcelanas. Neste trabalho, foi feita uma análise das possíveis causas de fratura das cerâmicas, os métodos de reparo indicados, materiais empregados para tal e a eficiência dos sistemas indicados frente às variáveis que envolvem o procedimento restaurador da porcelana. A proposta foi avaliar a resistência máxima às forças de compressão de reparos de fraturas de porcelana realizados com uma resina composta híbrida fotopolimerizável, empregando cargas estáticas comparando-a com a resistência de coroas metalocerâmicas íntegras e dentes naturais permanentes, usados como grupo controle. Os resultados mostraram que frente às forças de compressão aplicadas, a coroa metalocerâmica íntegra e o dente natural não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante. A coroa metalocerâmica reparada apresentou menor resistência que a coroa / The odontologic porcelains have been out of the esthetic restorative materials those, which have developed the most in the last years. Traditionally, they are brittle and unable to bear structural deformations when submitted to stress. When used in the building of partial fixed prothesis, one metallic framework is needed to avoid them to fracture under occlusal efforts. Forces of compression enforced on a metal supported porcelain in a way, which is not possible to bend, they could be beared in high magnitudes. However, failures can happen normally revealing themselves through fractures, which demand the intervention of the clinician in order to evaluate the association of the restorative materials to porcelains. In this study na analysis has been made of the possible causes of fractures of the ceramics, the indicated repairing methods, the materials used for it and, the efficiency of the variables, which involves the restorative procedure of the porcelain. The aim was evaluate the utmost resistance to the forces of compression in repairs of fractures of porcelain made with a light-cured hybrid composite resin, using static loads and comparing it with the resistance of the nonfractured metal ceramic crowns and permanent natural human teeth, used as control group The results have shown that in the presence of the compression forces loaded to non-fractured metaloceramic crown and the natural tooth have not exhibited statistically meaningful difference. The repaired metaloceramic crown has exhibited less resistance than the non-fractured metaloceramic one. However, there has not been statistically meaningful difference to the permanent natural tooth

Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Companion Animal Clinical Studies / MSc / Unrestricted

The regenerative potential of tissue injury declines with age. Recently, a significant role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been shown in tissue specific stem cell aging, leading to increased tissue fibrosis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates the differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts during fracture repair. We investigated the potential role of dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in delayed fracture union and tissue fibrosis in the elderly. Old mice displayed increased total β-catenin protein levels at 4 and 7 days post-fracture and tissue fibrosis at 14 and 21 days post-fracture compared to young mice. Furthermore, treatment with a pharmalogical agent decreased total β-catenin protein levels in the fracture callus at 4 days post-fracture and prevented tissue fibrosis at 21 days post-fracture. Our data suggests that dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the elderly contributes to delayed fracture repair and tissue fibrosis and offers a potential therapeutic strategy to improve fracture outcome in the elderly.

The regenerative potential of tissue injury declines with age. Recently, a significant role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been shown in tissue specific stem cell aging, leading to increased tissue fibrosis. Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates the differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts during fracture repair. We investigated the potential role of dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in delayed fracture union and tissue fibrosis in the elderly. Old mice displayed increased total β-catenin protein levels at 4 and 7 days post-fracture and tissue fibrosis at 14 and 21 days post-fracture compared to young mice. Furthermore, treatment with a pharmalogical agent decreased total β-catenin protein levels in the fracture callus at 4 days post-fracture and prevented tissue fibrosis at 21 days post-fracture. Our data suggests that dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the elderly contributes to delayed fracture repair and tissue fibrosis and offers a potential therapeutic strategy to improve fracture outcome in the elderly.