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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

AvaliaÃÃo da fragilizaÃÃo por hidrogÃnio no aÃo maraging 300 / Evaluation of hydrogen embrittlement of 300 maraging steel

Luis Paulo MourÃo dos Santos 23 May 2014 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Os aÃos maraging sÃo ligas de ultra-alta resistÃncia com vasta aplicaÃÃo na engenharia, desde vasos de alta pressÃo de operaÃÃo em processos crÃticos, componentes aeronÃuticos, aplicaÃÃes militares atà equipamentos esportivos. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar os efeitos da fragilizaÃÃo por hidrogÃnio no aÃo maraging 18% Ni da classe 300, nas condiÃÃes solubilizada e envelhecida. As amostras foram solubilizadas a 1093 Â10K por 3,6 ks, seguido de um resfriamento ao ar e envelhecidas a 753 e 843 Â10K por 10,8 ks, respectivamente e resfriadas ao ar. Foi realizada uma caracterizaÃÃo microestrutural por difraÃÃo de raios-X, correntes parasitas, medidas de dureza Rockwell e microscopia eletrÃnica e Ãptica. Para avaliar os efeitos do ingresso de hidrogÃnio nas propriedades mecÃnicas do aÃo maraging 18% Ni da classe 300 foram realizados ensaios de traÃÃo com baixa taxa de deformaÃÃo (BTD). A taxa de deformaÃÃo aplicada foi 1,0 x 10-6 s-1. Os ensaios foram realizados ao ar (meio inerte) e em soluÃÃo de 3,5% NaCl sob o potencial catÃdico de -1,2 VECS. Foi observada uma reduÃÃo de 11,06 para 3,89% no alongamento e de 61,28 para 10% na reduÃÃo de Ãrea para as amostras solubilizadas. As amostras envelhecidas a 753 Â10K por 10.8 ks apresentaram maior reduÃÃo nessas propriedades. Nesta condiÃÃo a reduÃÃo observada foi de 1929,26 MPa para amostras ensaiadas ao ar para 447,64 MPa para amostras ensaiadas em soluÃÃo de 3,5% NaCl sob potencial catÃdico no limite de resistÃncia e de 7,30 para 1,62 % no alongamento. As amostras envelhecidas a 843 Â10K, as quais apresentaram de cerca de 10% de austenita sofreram fragilizaÃÃo similar as amostras envelhecidas a 753 Â10K. Trincas secundÃrias perpendiculares a carga aplicada foram observadas nas amostras solubilizadas e ensaiadas em soluÃÃo de 3,5% NaCl sob potencial catÃdico. Os resultados indicam que a presenÃa de precipitados e de austenita revertida impedem a propagaÃÃo de trincas secundÃrias na seÃÃo longitudinal nas condiÃÃes envelhecidas. A anÃlise da superfÃcie de fratura revelou caracterÃstica de uma fratura dÃctil nas amostras ensaiadas ao ar com dimples de diferentes tamanhos e profundidades, enquanto que nas amostras ensaiadas em soluÃÃo de 3,5% NaCl sob potencial catÃdico foram observadas trincas induzidas pelo hidrogÃnio e microcavidades e regiÃes de quase-clivagem para todas as condiÃÃes estudadas. / Maraging steels are ultra high strength alloys widely used in engineering applications from high pressure vessels operating in critical processes, aircraft components, military applications to sports equipment. This work assessed the effects of hydrogen embrittlement in 18% Ni maraging grade 300 steel in the solution annealed and aged conditions. Samples were solution annealed at 1093 Â10K for 3.6 ks, followed by air cooling and aging at 753 and 843 Â10K for 10.8 ks, respectively, and cooled by air. The microstructure was characterized by X-ray diffraction, eddy current, hardness measurement and optical and electron microscopy. To assess the effects of hydrogen ingress on the mechanical properties of 18% Ni maraging grade 300 steel, slow strain rate tests (SSRT) were performed. A strain rate of 1.0x10-6 s-1 was applied. The tests were carried out in air (middle inert) and the samples immersed in the electrolyte at a simultaneous potential of -1.2 VSEC. The results showed the reduction elongation from 11.06 to 3.89% and from 61,28 to 10% in reduction of area for samples in the solution annealed condition. The greatest reductions were observed in the samples aged at 753 Â10K for 10.8 ks. In this condition the reduction from 1929.26 MPa in air tests to 447.64 MPa in ultimate tensile strength and from 7.30 to 1.62% in elongation under cathodic polarization in the 3,5% NaCl solution was observed. The samples aged at 843 Â10K for 10.8 ks, where about 10% of reverted austenite was identified, showed evidence of hydrogen embrittlement as seen in the samples treated at different conditions. Secondary cracks, perpendicular to the loading direction at the longitudinal surface of the solution annealed fractured samples immersed in 3,5% NaCl solution under cathodic potential were seen. The results evidence that the precipitates and reverted austenite difficult secondary crack propagation in longitudinal section on aged samples. Scanning electron examination showed a change in fractografic features from ductile dimples to quasi-cleavage and microvoid modes when comparing samples without (air tested) and with hydrogen ingress.

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