Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-28T18:09:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 114.pdf: 598002 bytes, checksum: 3c505a008627bfa98ab5aadf9fc1f388 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-22T16:56:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 114.pdf: 598002 bytes, checksum: 3c505a008627bfa98ab5aadf9fc1f388 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde / Clorofenóis consistem de um grupo de 19 isômeros incluindo mono-, di-, tri- e tretraclorofenóis, e o pentaclorofenol (PCF). São substâncias orgânicas sintéticas obtidas em larga escala industrial e comercial. Muitos são utilizados como agrotóxicos, principalmente como fungicidas para preservação de madeira. A presença de clorofenóis em sistemas hídricos é de grande interesse, devido à variedade de fontes contaminantes e propriedades físico-químicas dessas substâncias. O processo de desinfecção da água para consumo humano por cloração em presença de substâncias fenólicas pode resultar na formação de clorofenóis. O 2,4,6- Triclorofenol (2,4,6-TCF) é o principal isômero formado através desse processo. Clorofenóis são especialmente tóxicos e potencialmente carcinogênicos. Muitos são considerados poluentes prioritários para serem monitorados em água pela União Européia e pela agência de proteção ambiental dos Estados Unidos. A Portaria n. 518/2004, norma de potabilidade vigente no Brasil, inclue dois clorofenóis: 2,4,6-TCF e PCF, e estabelece o valor máximo permitido de 200 ng/mL e 9 ng/mL, respectivamente. Este estudo teve por objetivo implementar e validar metodologias analíticas para determinação de clorofenóis em água para consumo humano, em níveis de concentração exigidos, utilizando técnica de Cromatografia à Gás acoplada ao Detector Seletivo de Massas (CG-DSM). Incluem-se outros congêneres, além dos contemplados na referida portaria, sabendo-se do potencial de contaminação e da toxicidade dos mesmos. Foi avaliada a qualidade da água de sistemas e soluções alternativas de abastecimento do Município do Rio de Janeiro. Dois métodos analíticos foram validados, os quais demonstraram serem adequados aos objetivos do estudo. Podem ser utilizados em rotinas de controle e ações de vigilância da qualidade da água para consumo humano. As substâncias investigadas incluem todos os isômeros tri- e tetraclorofenóis, e o pentaclorofenol. / Chlorophenols consist of a group of 19 different isomers which include mono-, di-, tri- and tetrachlorophenols, and pentachlorophenol (PCF). They are synthetic organic compounds, obtained on large industrial and commercial scales. Many of them are widely used as pesticides, mainly as fungicides for wood protection. The presence of chlorophenols in the aquatic environment is of great concern, due to their physical and chemical proprieties and the variety of contamination sources. Drinking water disinfection by chlorination treatments may form chlorophenols when phenolic compounds are already present in raw water. 2,4,6- Triclorofenol (2,4,6-TCF) is the main isomer formed through this process. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Chlorophenols are classified as. possibly carcinogenic compounds (Group 2B). Therefore, most of them are considered high-priority pollutants in water by the European Union and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Regulation Nº. 518/2004, the effective Brazilian potability norm, includes two chlorophenols: 2,4,6-TCF and PCF, and establish the maximum concentration acceptance of 200 ng/mL and 9 ng/mL, respectively. The objective of this study was to implement and validate analytical methods for the determination of chlorophenols in drinking water at levels of the concentration limits established in the potability norm. Two methods were validated for the determination of pentachlorophenol and all isomers of the tri- and tetrachlorophenols. Instrumental analysis has been done by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Both methods had shown to be suitable in the scope of the study, fast, easy to execute and not expensive. All studied analytes presented linear working range and correlation coefficients between 0,9988 and 0,9997. The recovery rates varied from 75 to 103%, and variation coefficients were all lower than 15%. After validation, water quality was evaluated in samples collected from common water supply systems and alternative solutions in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro. 2,4,6-TCF residues were detected in 36% of the 28 analysed samples, varying from 0,008 to 0,238 ng/mL, and all other analytes were below quantitation limit. These results indicate that chlorophenols levels in the sampled drinking water supplies are well below the regulation limits. The validated methods had been shown to be suitable for application in quality control routines and surveillance action by public health authorities.