Orientador: Maria José D'Elboux / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T10:40:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_VanessaAbreuda_M.pdf: 1535963 bytes, checksum: bc11dc389d43ae10604ddb507841ab6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre incontinência urinária (IU) e os critérios de fragilidade em idosos atendidos em um Ambulatório de Geriatria de um Hospital Universitário. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. Foram entrevistados 100 idosos no ambulatório de geriatria de um hospital universitário do município de Campinas, São Paulo. As características predominantes da amostra foram: sexo feminino (74,0%); idade superior a 70 anos (78,0%) com média de 76,6 anos (±7,8); procedência município de Campinas (54,0%) e baixa escolaridade (49,0%). A amostra contou com 41,0% dos sujeitos considerados pré-frágeis e 59,0% como frágeis. Referiram IU 65,0% dos idosos, destes 40 (61,4%) relataram perda de urina diversas vezes ao dia e em pequena quantidade. O escore referente ao impacto da IU na vida diária dos idosos variou de zero a 10 (média 4,85), e muitos idosos (49,2%) o considerou muito grave. As principais causas ou situações de perda urinária apontadas pelos 65 idosos foram: antes de chegar ao banheiro (76,9%%) e perda ao tossir ou espirrar (56,9%). Na comparação entre os idosos com e sem IU e os critérios de fragilidade, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=0,0011) quanto ao número de critérios, ou seja, 62,8 % dos idosos sem IU apresentaram 1 a 2 critérios (pré-frágeis), enquanto, 70,7% dos idosos com IU apresentaram 3 ou mais critérios (frágeis). A análise de regressão logística multivariada mostrou que os idosos que pontuam para o critério de fragilidade lentidão têm risco 5.0 vezes maior de IU (OR=4,99) e os idosos que apresentam exaustão têm risco 4.9 vezes maior (OR=4,85). Considerando-se o risco de IU, os idosos com ITU têm risco 6,2 vezes maior de IU dos que aqueles idosos sem ITU. Com relação à mobilidade os idosos com menor escore na MIF tem maior risco de IU, ou seja, a cada redução de um ponto no escore da MIF o risco de IU aumenta 1,18 vez ou 18%. Conclui-se que a ocorrência de IU na amostra foi elevada e os idosos com IU apresentaram maior número de critérios de fragilidade quando comparados aos idosos sem IU. Os critérios lentidão e exaustão apresentaram associação significativa com IU. A ITU e a perda de mobilidade são fatores de risco para IU em idosos com critérios de fragilidade e, portanto as estratégias de intervenções a serem planejadas e implementadas devem contemplar, entre esses idosos, medidas de manutenção e prevenção da perda de mobilidade, avaliação de histórico de ITU / Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between urinary incontinence (UI) and criteria of frailty in elderly patients receiving ambulatory care of a University Hospital. This is a quantitative, descriptive and transversal study. We interviewed 100 elderly people in geriatric outpatient clinic of a university hospital in Campinas, São Paulo. The predominant characteristics of the sample were female (74,0%) aged over 70 years (78,0%) with a mean of 76.6 years (± 7.8), founded in Campinas (54,0%) and low education (49.0%). The sample had 41.0% of subjects classified as pre-frail and fragile as 59.0%. IU reported 65.0% of participants, these 40 (61,4%) reported loss of urine several times a day and in small quantity. The score relating to the impact of UI on daily life of the elderly ranged from zero to 10 (average 4.85), and most patients (49,2%) considered it very serious. The main causes of urinary leakage or situations identified by the 65 seniors were: before reaching the bathroom (50%) and loss when coughing or sneezing (37%). In the comparison between those with and without UI and criteria of frailty, there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0011) for number of criteria, ie, 62.8% of the elderly had no IU 1-2 criteria (pre weak-), while 70,7% of the elderly with UI had three or more criteria (fragile). A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older people who score in the criterion of fragility slowness have 5.0 times greater risk of UI (OR = 4.99) and the elderly who have exhausted have 4.9 times higher risk (OR = 4.85) . Considering the risk of urinary incontinence, elderly patients with UTI have 6.2 times greater risk of UI than those elderly without UTI. With respect to the elderly with mobility lower scores MIF has a higher risk of UI, ie, every reduction of one point in the MIF score the risk of UI increases 1.18 times or 18%. The results show high prevalence of UI in the sample and the elderly with UI had a higher number of criteria of frailty compared to the elderly without urinary incontinence. The criteria slowness and exhaustion were significantly associated with UI. The ITU and the loss of mobility are risk factors for urinary incontinence in older people with frailty criteria, and therefore strategies for interventions to be planned and implemented should address, among those aged, maintenance measures and prevention of loss of mobility, evaluation of UTI history, and attention the elderly / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem

The population of China is ageing. Accompanying this aging population, dementia and frailty have a growing importance. However there is little consensus on the association between dementia and frailty, in terms of how the criteria that are part of this two syndromes overlap, as both disorders are age-related and increase the risk for falls, further leading to loss of independence. To meet the above needs, the thesis describes research into different frailty diagnostic criteria, as well as its association with dementia symptoms. We examined cognitive measures that can be used for assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia screening (the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, HVLT) and compared its discriminant ability with the commonly used cognitive screening tool, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in distinguishing Cognitive Impairment (including MCI and dementia) from No Cognitive Impairment (NCI, normal controls) in two community-dwelling elderly Chinese populations and in one institutionalised elderly population in Shanghai, China. Subsequently we investigated whether physical and cognitive symptoms clustered together to form frailty phenotypes. We employed indicators that have been widely used to diagnose frailty, including physical measures (grip strength, Time-Up and Go test, 15 feet gait speed test and Berg balance test), and psychological measures (the HVLT and the MMSE) to predict cognitive impairment (CI) and frailty. Additionally, we described demographics (age, gender, education) and other potential modifiers when detecting cognitive impairment and functional disability. We then built up a model for possible frailty phenotype using various indicators. Lastly, we examined whether demographic (age, gender, education and profession), and lifestyle (smoking/alcohol history, exercise frequency, and dietary habit) could be used to predict future cognitive impairment. It was found that advanced age, lower education (no or primary level), and being vegetarian were significant risk factors for cognitive impairment. Furthermore, whereas high consumption of green vegetables is a protector against cognitive impairment, high intake of tofu was negatively related to cognitive performance among community-dwelling elderly in China. To meet the above needs, the thesis describes research into different frailty diagnostic criteria, as well as its association with dementia symptoms. We examined cognitive measures that can be used for assessment of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia screening (the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, HVLT) and compared its discriminant ability with the commonly used cognitive screening tool, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in distinguishing Cognitive Impairment (including MCI and dementia) from No Cognitive Impairment (NCI, normal controls) in two community-dwelling elderly Chinese populations and in one institutionalised elderly population in Shanghai, China. Subsequently we employed these two cognitive measures to investigate whether they were part of the frailty syndrome among elderly from the community-based studies. We investigated whether physical and cognitive symptoms clustered together to form frailty phenotypes. We employed indicators that have been widely used to diagnose frailty, including physical measures (grip strength, Time-Up and Go test, 15 feet gait speed test and Berg balance test), and psychological measures (the HVLT and the MMSE) to predict cognitive impairment (CI). We found four distinct subtypes of elderly characterised by increasing care needs: 1. Persona elderly as defined by age >78, year of education<6 years, grip strength <11.8 KG, and a MMSE total score <25; 2. Persona Physical frailty (fitness), defined by a total score on the Timed-Up and Go (TUG) test >12.7 seconds and 15 feet gait speed >4.4 seconds; 3. Persona Cognitive impairment, defined by a MMSE total score <25, a HVLT Immediate Recall (IR) score <15, and a HVLT Delayed Recall (DR) <5; 4. Persona Physical frailty (balance,) defined by a Berg Balance test score of <53. Additionally, we described demographics (age, gender, education) and other potential modifiers when detecting cognitive impairment and functional disability. We then built up a model for possible frailty phenotype using various indicators, Frailty here was defined as: 1. Low BMI as measured by this algorithm: BMI= Weight (kg)/Height (m)2 2. Weakness (upper and lower body): grip strength in the lowest quintile, adjusted for gender; and TUG get up with assistance or unable to get up 3. Slowness (lower body): TUG score in the lowest quintile, adjusted for gender; and 15 feet gait speed in the lowest quintile, adjusted for gender; 4. Poor balance: Berg Balance test score in the lowest quintile, adjusted for gender; 5. Low physical activity: engaging in exercise less than once per week. An individual with 4 or more present frailty components out of a total of 7 was considered to be frail , whereas equal or less than 3 characteristics were hypothesized to be pre-frail . Those with no present frailty components were considered as robust. Lastly, we examined whether demographic (age, gender, education and profession), and lifestyle (smoking/alcohol history, exercise frequency, and dietary habit) could be used to predict future cognitive impairment (as defined by a HVLT IR score of ≤19). The results of our studies show that compared to the MMSE, the HVLT is superior in differentiating MCI and dementia from NCI, and is also less affected by demographic factors in detecting frailty. Furthermore, in the current study, physical, psychological, demographic and other modifiable risk factors cluster together into different phenotypes of cognitive impairment and functional disability in these cohorts. A phenotype of frailty is built up using BMI, grip strength, TUG, 15 feet gait speed, balance and exercise frequency as indicators. The most common was the elderly phenotype followed by the cognitively impaired. A novel finding of the current study is that only 4.8% (8 out 168) of the whole sample fulfilled all three categories in the current study (cognitive impairment, functional disability and frailty). Finally, advanced age, lower education (no or primary level), and being vegetarian were significant risk factors for cognitive impairment. Furthermore, whereas high consumption of green vegetables is a protector against cognitive impairment, high intake of tofu was negatively related to cognitive performance among community-dwelling elderly in China.