The quality of peace at the end of civil war has emerged as an important concept for understanding persistent security threats. This study seeks to bridge two well established fields by asking: Does the failure to implement a peace agreement encourage terrorism? I argue that the psychological effect of a failing peace agreement shapes the individual’s propensity to terrorism by enhancing the appeal of a frame which favors “radical” action to advance the group’s struggle for recognition. Terrorism can be simultaneously an emotionally driven response at the individual level, and a rational choice at the group level. This paper employs mixed methods. A cross-case study measures the spatial/temporal variation in peace settlement implementation and the intensity of terrorism between/within 34 post-accord settings. A within-case study leverages temporal variation to illustrate how four violent non-state actors responded to perceptions of salient loss at various points in the Mindanao peace process. While each organization used terrorism strategically, the strategies were not always linked to peace settlement implementation. This study advances understanding of the event-driven relationship between implementation failure and terrorism, the process by which “radical” frames convert an individual’s emotional reaction into political violence, and the dynamic integration of quantitative and qualitative research.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-05-21T15:01:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Batista de Carvalho Luz - 2018.pdf: 3214058 bytes, checksum: 4b2526462dd64448b354d715e846fbfe (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-22T12:13:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Batista de Carvalho Luz - 2018.pdf: 3214058 bytes, checksum: 4b2526462dd64448b354d715e846fbfe (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T12:13:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bruno Batista de Carvalho Luz - 2018.pdf: 3214058 bytes, checksum: 4b2526462dd64448b354d715e846fbfe (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-04 / The objective of this research was to investigate cultural policies related to the debate on the reform of Brazilian Audit Courts (TCs). The study focused on analyzing how accounts of legitimacy and framing strategies conducted by different categories of legal and non-legal actors manifested themselves in the debate on the reform of Brazilian TCs in the period from 2000 to 2017. In this sense, the debate on reform was understood as a field of dialogue and discussion that, between 2000 and 2017, allowed the shaping of the legitimacy of TCs, law enforcement organizations responsible for controlling public resources. With regard to the development of the research, first, the mobilization process on the reform was described. Second, the central arguments used by different categories of actors were analyzed. Third, through legitimacy accounts of the reform, the emerging legitimacy factors and the frameworks of the mobilization process were identified. Documentary data were used, such as parliamentary speeches, public hearings, debates and news. Interviews were also conducted with representatives of the various categories of actors, including professional corporations, media, academia, judiciary, and organized civil society. The data were analyzed using the content analysis technique with the support of NVivo software. The results showed (i) the centrality of professional corporations acting both in the mediation and the translation of the debate, and in the design of intervention strategies in the legal field; (ii) the identification of legitimacy factors emerging from the debate that signal a multidimensionality of the legitimacy of TCs; and (iii) evidence of the framework of the mobilization process on TC reform in three ways — as a legal process associated with the construction of legal meaning, as a normative process associated with behavior change at the interorganizational level, and as a responsive process integration between political and legal groups. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar políticas culturais relacionadas ao debate em torno da reforma dos Tribunais de Contas Brasileiros (TCs). A pesquisa centrou-se em analisar como accounts de legitimidade e estratégias de enquadramento conduzidas por diferentes categorias de atores legais e não legais se manifestaram no debate acerca da reforma dos TCs brasileiros no período de 2000 a 2017. Nesse sentido, o debate sobre a reforma foi entendido como um campo de diálogo e discussão que, entre 2000 e 2017, permitiu a moldagem da legitimidade dos TCs, organizações de aplicação da lei responsáveis pelo controle de recursos públicos. No tocante ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa, em primeiro lugar, descreveu-se o processo de mobilização em torno da reforma. Em segundo lugar, analisou-se os argumentos centrais usados por diferentes categorias de atores. Em terceiro lugar, identificou-se, por meio dos accounts de legitimidade da reforma, os fatores de legitimidade emergentes e os enquadramentos do processo de mobilização. Foram utilizados dados documentais, como discursos parlamentares, audiências públicas, debates e notícias. Também foram utilizadas entrevistas com representantes das várias categorias de atores, incluindo corporações profissionais, mídia, academia, judiciário e sociedade civil organizada. Os dados foram analisados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo com o apoio do software NVivo. Os resultados mostraram (i) uma centralidade de atuação das corporações profissionais tanto na mediação e tradução do debate, como no desenho de estratégicas de intervenção no campo legal; (ii) a identificação de fatores de legitimidade emergentes do debate que sinalizam para uma multidimensionalidade da legitimidade organizacional dos TCs; e (iii) a evidenciação de enquadramento do processo de mobilização em torno da reforma dos TCs sob três formas: como um processo legal associado à construção do significado legal, como um processo normativo associado à mudança de comportamento no nível interorganizacional e como um processo responsivo associado à integração entre grupos das esferas política e jurídica.

The central topic of the thesis is the Cuban pro-democracy opposition movement and its activities towards an official regime of Raul Castro. This is to try and achieve improvements in civil and political rights in Cuba. The opposition tools and strategies are analysed in the context of specific conditions of the current repressive Cuban regime. Special attention is dedicated to framing processes towards the local audience, communication strategies oriented to an international society, and an ability to involve external players to participate in effective pressure from outside; the so called boomerang effect. The movement's progress is displayed on a base of particular achievements as well as challenges faced in a long term pursuit to a democratic transition of the country.