Goal of this thesis was to assess the constitutionality of "regulatory fees" in healthcare, which were enacted in the Czech Republic in 2007. The first chapter goes through the two decisions of the Czech Constitutional Court concerning assessment of the constitutionality of regulatory fees and identifies five main areas to study: 1)General methodology of human rights interpretation and their collisions in the Czech constitutional system, 2)Genesis and interpretation of social rights. 3)Identification of a test to assess collision between social rights and public goods 4)Essence of the right to free healthcare 5)Empirical assessment of the regulatory fees impact Second chapter is an overview of the first area divided into two sections: traditional methods of interpretation in constitutional law and development of the proportionality principle based on an overview of the Czech and foreign jurisprudence and the previous decisions of the Czech Constitutional Court. Third chapter describes the genesis of the social rights as a specific area of human rights. Implication from both chapters are combined to create a universal proportionality test that includes specific intensity of review for social rights. Fourth chapter provides a case study that firstly identifies the essence of the right to free healthcare,...

Au niveau déclaratif, l’État gabonais montre son engagement à garantir et à protéger la vie des populations au moyen d’une politique de santé cohérente. Toutefois, la question de l’égalité face aux soins reste entière au Gabon. Elle suscite les interrogations de la population et des acteurs de santé. La recherche menée dans le cadre de cette thèse a donc des implications pratiques. Il est question d’un contexte de carence de l’offre publique de santé, aggravé par l’existence des pratiques non professionnelles, dominée par la quête du profit. Notre étude se propose d’analyser les dispositifs d’accès aux soins afin de mieux comprendre les raisons de leur fragilité. Cette thèse mobilise l’outillage méthodologique et conceptuel de la sociologie pour offrir une analyse fine de l’écart entre la stratégie politique de santé et les pratiques de santé telles que la médecine de classe et la marchandisation des soins au Gabon. Ce pays d’Afrique central est d’autant plus intéressant à étudier qu’il permet de relativiser les approches qui se fixent uniquement sur la dimension économique du problème. En effet, le Gabon est un pays relativement riche. Or, l’égalité face à l’accès aux soins bien que décrétée officiellement est loin d’être effective / At the declarative level, the Gabonese State demonstrates its commitment to guarantee and protect the lives of people through a coherent health policy. However, the issue of equality in healthcare remains unresolved in Gabon. It raises questions from the population and health actors. The research conducted in this thesis has practical implications. It is a question of a context of deficiency of the offer of public health, aggravated by the existence of the non-professional practices, dominated by the quest for profit. Our study analyzes access to healthcare devices in order to better understand the reasons for their fragility. This dissertation mobilizes the methodological and conceptual tools of sociology to offer a fine analysis of the gap between the political strategy of health and health practices such as class medicine and the merchandising of healthcare in Gabon. This country of Central Africa is all the more interesting to study as it allows to relativize the approaches which are fixed only on the economic dimension of the problem. Indeed, Gabon is a relatively rich country. However, equality with regard to access to healthcare, although officially decreed, is far from being effective