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Kvalita drůbežího masa ve vztahu ke způsobu produkce / Quality of poultry meat in relation to the production methodKADLECOVÁ, Lucie January 2019 (has links)
The topic of this thesis is the quality of poultry meat in relation to the production method. In the literature review, poultry meat is described, then its consumption in the Czech Republic and its chemical composition. Selected methods of sensory analysis are also described. Types of tested meats are characterized in the practical part. This thesis is also focused on the experimental evaluation of the chemical composition of chicken breast muscle from the Loužná farm using the NIR method and comparing the composition changes depending on the age of the chickens. It is followed by selected sensory methods aimed at recognizing differences in chicken meat from three different productions. In addition, there was published a questionnaire to determine citizen's preferences for products (chicken meat) from different production methods.
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Pesquisa de Salmonella sp. em aves criadas em sistema industrial e alternativo / Search in birds readed in conventional and non-conventional systemsAlcântara, Juliana Bonifácio de 13 August 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-08-13 / Salmonella sp. might cause food deseases in humans and it be isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of different animal species, especially birds. In this study, we aimed to point out the main characteristics of non-conventional poultry farm systems at Central and South regions of the State of Goiás and to determine the frequency of Salmonella sp. Isolation in conventional and non-conventional poultry farms, as well as the frequency of positivity for antigen-antibody reaction at non-conventional poultry farms. On paper 1, we studied 190 non-conventional systems of broiler rearing; we collected 3,040 blood and organ samples (heart, liver, crop and cecum) from 760 birds. Rapid Plate Agglutination Test was used for the detection of anti-Salmonella sp. antibodies in blood serum, and conventional bacteriology and biochemistry tests were used for bacterium culture and isolation. Data on the characteristics of the properties were obtained through medical records. The poultry rearing systems were classified as semi-intensive (49.0%) and extensive (42.6%). In these breeding systems, 48.0% were of specific breed free-range chickens and 42.0% of rustic rustic free-range chickens; 74.2% of the farms had commercial purpose. The frequency of properties with chicken seropositive to the anti-Salmonella sp. antigen was 16.3%, and 12.0% of the samples. Salmonella was detected in 4.7% of the properties and the identified serotypes were Anatum, Infantis, Mbandaka, Schwarzengrund and Panama. For Paper 2, we studied 44 flocks of chickens from nine poultry slaughterhouses, three with over 51,000 birds slaughtered/day and six with up to 50,000 birds slaughtered/day. On the slaughter line 1,232 organ samples and feathers were harvested. A total of 21 feather samples and 21 samples of each organ (spleen, crop and cecum) was collected, both of them were analyzed by conventional bacteriology and biochemistry tests. The organ samples were processed in groups of three, in a total of seven samples of each organ. Of the 44 flocks of chickens, 22 were positive for Salmonella. The feathers presented a higher positivity frequency (12.3%). The spleen presented the highest frequently of isolates (8.1%). The frequency of positive samples in both crop and cecum was 3.8%. Among 88 Salmonella isolates, the serovars Schwarzengrund (29.5%), Agona (25.2%), Mbandaka (12.6%), Anantum (8.0%) and Infantis (3.4%) were predominant. In conclusion, the non-conventional designs are characterized as semi-intensive, and use improved lineage of chickens for commercial purposes. Regardless of the levels of contamination, Salmonella sp. is present in chickens from both conventional and non-conventional production systems. The pathogen was identified in greater numbers in chicken organs at conventional farm. In non-conventional breeding samples, Salmonella sp. isolation was low, but the number of seropositive chickens was higher. The serovars identified in samples of both conventional and non-conventional systems were similar, and some of relevance to public health. / Salmonella sp. podem causar toxinfecção alimentar no homem e ser isolada do trato gastrintestinal de diferentes espécies animais, principalmente das aves. Objetivou-se com este estudo caracterizar os sistemas alternativos de criações avícolas nas regiões Central e Sul do Estado de Goiás e determinar a frequência de isolamento de Salmonella sp. em aves de criação alternativa e industrial, assim como a frequência de positividade da reação antígeno-anticorpo em soro de aves de criação alternativa. No artigo 1 estudou-se 190 propriedades de criações alternativas de frangos e em 760 aves colheram sangue e 3.040 amostras de órgãos, sendo coração, fígado, ceco e inglúvio. Realizou-se o teste de Soroaglutinação Rápida em Placa para detecção de anticorpos anti Salmonella sp. em soro sanguíneo e para cultura e isolamento da bactéria ultilizou-se bacteriologia convencional e provas bioquímicas. Os dados sobre as características das propriedades foram obtidos através de ficha de atendimento. As criações avícolas foram classificadas em semi-intensivas 49,0% e 42,6% extensivas. Observou-se que nestas criações as aves criadas são do tipo caipira melhorado 48,0% e 42,0% do tipo caipira rústico, e 74,2% das explorações têm a finalidade de comercialização. A frequência de propriedades com aves sororreagentes ao antígeno anti Salmonella sp. foi de 16,3%, e em amostras de 12,0%. Detectou-se Salmonella em 4,7% das propriedades e os sorovares identificados foram Anatum, Infantis, Mbandaka, Schwarzengrund e Panama. Para o artigo 2 o estudo foi realizado em 44 lotes de frangos de criação industrial de nove abatedouros, três com abate dia acima de 51.000 aves e seis com abate dia de até 50.000 aves dia. Na linha de abate colheram-se 1.232 amostras de órgão e penas. Num lote foram colhidas 21 amostras de penas e 21 amostras de cada órgão, sendo baço, ceco e inglúvio, ambas analisadas por bacteriologia convencional e provas bioquímicas. As amostras de órgãos foram processadas em pool de três, totalizando sete amostras para cada órgão. Dos 44 lotes de frangos, 22 foram positivos para Salmonella. As penas apresentaram maior frequência de amostras positivas (12,3%) e o baço foi o órgão com maior frequência de isolados (8,1%). A frequência de amostras positivas tanto para inglúvio quanto para ceco foi de 3,8%. Dentre os 88 isolados de Salmonella houve predominância do sorovar Schwarzengrund (29,5%), Agona (25,2%), Mbandaka (12,6%), Anantum (8,0%) e Infantis (3,4%). Conclui-se que as criações alternativas se caracterizam como do tipo semi-intensiva, utilizam aves de linhagem caipira melhorado com finalidade comercial. Independente dos níveis de contaminação, salmonella sp. está presente em aves dos sistemas industriais e alternativos de produção. O patógeno foi identificado em maior número em órgãos de frango de criação industrial. Em aves de criações alternativas obteve-se baixa frequência de isolamento do patógeno, mas obteve-se maior número de aves sororreagente. Observa-se que os sorovares identificados tanto em amostras de frango do sistema alternativo como do sistema industrial foram semelhantes, e alguns de relevância em saúde pública.
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