Cloud computing is pervasive in our daily life. For instance, I usually use Google¡¦s GMail to receive e-mail, Google Document to edit documents online and Google Calendar to make my daily schedule. We can say that Google provides a ¡§Platform as a Service (PaaS)¡¨, which delivers a computing platform as a service, and the platform sustaining lots of cloud applications such as I mentioned above. However, the cloud computing platform of Google is private: we cannot trace its source code and make cloud applications on it! Fortunately, there¡¦s an open source project supported by Apache named ¡§Hadoop¡¨, which has a distributed file system which is very like Google File System (GFS) called ¡§Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS)¡¨. In order to observe the properties of HDFS, we design and implement a HDFS-based FTP server system called FTP-ON-HDFS system, say, a FTP server whose storage is HDFS. There are a web-console for FTP administrator, a FreeRADIUS server and a MySQL database for user authentication, a NameNode daemon on its machine, a SecondaryNameNode on its machine and five DataNode daemons and on five different machines in FTP-ON-HDFS system. Our FTP-ON-HDFS system can tune two QoS parameters: ¡§data block size¡¨ and ¡§data replication¡¨. Then, we tuned ¡§data block size¡¨ and ¡§data replication¡¨ in our system and compared its performance with Hadoop File System (FS) shell command and normal vsftpd. On the other hand, FUSE can mount HDFS from remote cluster to local machine, and make use of the permission of the local machine to manage HDFS. So, we compared the performance of FUSE with HDFS (FUSE-DFS) and our FTP-ON-HDFS system.

<p>I dagsläget ligger oftast fokus för datasäkerhet hos de flesta företag och organisationer på att skydda gränsen mellan det egna interna datanätverket och det yttre publika. Detta kan leda till att skyddet på insidan försummas och öppna upp möjligheter för olika typer av obehörig användning.</p><p>Företag X har ett stort datanätverk med behov av skydd på insidan. Detta beror på att fysisk tillgång till nätverket är svår att begränsa på grund av att det till största del är placerat i öppna miljöer. Detta examensarbete behandlar en implementation av standarden 802.1x hos detta företag. 802.1x gör det möjligt att begränsa användandet av datanätverket baserat på vilka premisser ändutrustningen verifierar sig med. Åtkomst till nätverket sätts redan på den fysiska porten i nätverket där utrustningen kopplas in.</p><p>Kraven och önskemålen från företaget har varit att ta fram och genomföra test av en lösning som innehåller verifieringsmetoder för olika typer av ändutrustning. Kraven har inkluderat metoder för att verifiera ordinarie användare, besökare och övrig utrustning. Dessutom fanns krav på att lösningen inte skulle påverka nuvarande produktionssystem nämnvärt samt vara redundant för att garantera kontinuerlig tillgänglighet.</p><p>För att ta fram denna lösning utfördes laborationer i en miljö som motsvarar företagets produktionsmiljö. Lösningen som togs fram bygger i månt och mycket på befintliga komponenter i företagets datasystem. En radiusserver tar emot inloggningsförfrågningar från ändutrustning och verifierar mot katalogtjänsten. För att passa in i nuvarande system har FreeRADIUS använts för detta ändamål då funktionalitet finns för samarbete gentemot företagets befintliga katalogtjänst som är Novell eDirectory. Olika sorters användare och ändutrustning får sedan tillgång till rätt resurser dynamiskt beroende på deras förutbestämda rättigheter.</p> / <p>In today’s computer networks, the companies and organisations concerns of security mostly are about protecting the border between the internal and external networks. This can lead to neglecting the inside protection which creates opportunities for unauthorized usage of the companies resources.</p><p>The company that this thesis discusses have a large computer network with protection needed on the inside as physical access to the network is hard to limit due to open environments. This thesis focuses on an implementation of the 802.1x standard at the above mentioned company. 802.1x make it possible to limit usage of the computer network based on the credentials delivered from the connected devices. The devices get validated on the physical port that they connect to the network through.</p><p>The company requested a solution which included methods for authentication of different kinds of users and equipment. This could be regular users, visitors and other devices. Part from that there were demands of a minimal influence on the existing environment and redundancy to guarantee highest possible availability.</p><p>To reach the solution, a test setup was implemented in an environment corresponding to the company’s production system. The final solution was mainly built on components already existing at company’s site. Authentication requests made by users or devices are passed to a radius server which in turn asks the directory service for authentication validation. FreeRADIUS have been the solution of choice for this as it fits the requirements to cooperate with the company’s already existing Novell eDirectory. The end users and devices then dynamically get access to appropriate resources based on their assigned rights.</p>

Authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) are key elements in network security. In many networks, clients can use resources only after they have been authenticated by an authentication server and authorized to use these resources. In some cases the server will also maintain accounting records in order for an operator (a provider of resources) to charge the account/subscriber for using the service. There are four main AAA protocols being used today. Of these RADIUS is the mostly widely used. This thesis starts with an introduction to AAA protocols, and then goes in the details of RADIUS. In order to perform a practical evaluation of how the AAA could be improved, FreeRADIUS was selected as the base code for this project; because this implementation is one of the most widely used RADIUS servers. A proposal for how to improve AAA performance is introduced and the implementation steps needed to realize these improvements are shown. Additionally, some experiments have been conducted to show both the correct functioning of the resulting implementation and to examine if there is a performance improvement. Following this some conclusions are drawn based upon a comparison with a traditional AAA server. A key element of the change in AAA which is proposed is the use of a non-binary IEEE 802.1x process. This new non-binary solution introduces a new type of AAA server and requires the re-thinking of a number of traditional AAA design decisions. It is expected that this change will have a significant impact, but will require some time for exposure, implementation by others, and a more extensive evaluation that was possible during the period of this thesis project. One of the most important conclusions drawn during this thesis is the difficulty of making a change in authentication and authorization, because of the large amount of interaction between both the various protocols and the standards which have been developed for these protocols. Thus one of the difficult aspects of the task is how to introduce a change in a protocol while maintaining backward compatibility for others who have not adopted this change -- without requiring the addition of a protocol version field. A second important conclusion is that doing this implementation in three separate parts with different students being responsible for the different parts revealed just how complex the interaction of protocol design decisions are. While a working version of the entire set of changes proved to be impossible, it was observed that the different parts could be decoupled more than initially expected.

This diploma thesis deals with authentication using RADIUS protocol and authentication methods in accordance with standard IEEE 802.1X. At the beginning there are shortly characteristics of chosen authentication methods, such as CHAP, PAP and some EAP types. Document includes summary of RADIUS protocols implementations, especially the FreeRADIUS server. Our goal is to implement a management tool to adminitrate FreeRADIUS server.

I dagsläget ligger oftast fokus för datasäkerhet hos de flesta företag och organisationer på att skydda gränsen mellan det egna interna datanätverket och det yttre publika. Detta kan leda till att skyddet på insidan försummas och öppna upp möjligheter för olika typer av obehörig användning. Företag X har ett stort datanätverk med behov av skydd på insidan. Detta beror på att fysisk tillgång till nätverket är svår att begränsa på grund av att det till största del är placerat i öppna miljöer. Detta examensarbete behandlar en implementation av standarden 802.1x hos detta företag. 802.1x gör det möjligt att begränsa användandet av datanätverket baserat på vilka premisser ändutrustningen verifierar sig med. Åtkomst till nätverket sätts redan på den fysiska porten i nätverket där utrustningen kopplas in. Kraven och önskemålen från företaget har varit att ta fram och genomföra test av en lösning som innehåller verifieringsmetoder för olika typer av ändutrustning. Kraven har inkluderat metoder för att verifiera ordinarie användare, besökare och övrig utrustning. Dessutom fanns krav på att lösningen inte skulle påverka nuvarande produktionssystem nämnvärt samt vara redundant för att garantera kontinuerlig tillgänglighet. För att ta fram denna lösning utfördes laborationer i en miljö som motsvarar företagets produktionsmiljö. Lösningen som togs fram bygger i månt och mycket på befintliga komponenter i företagets datasystem. En radiusserver tar emot inloggningsförfrågningar från ändutrustning och verifierar mot katalogtjänsten. För att passa in i nuvarande system har FreeRADIUS använts för detta ändamål då funktionalitet finns för samarbete gentemot företagets befintliga katalogtjänst som är Novell eDirectory. Olika sorters användare och ändutrustning får sedan tillgång till rätt resurser dynamiskt beroende på deras förutbestämda rättigheter. / In today’s computer networks, the companies and organisations concerns of security mostly are about protecting the border between the internal and external networks. This can lead to neglecting the inside protection which creates opportunities for unauthorized usage of the companies resources. The company that this thesis discusses have a large computer network with protection needed on the inside as physical access to the network is hard to limit due to open environments. This thesis focuses on an implementation of the 802.1x standard at the above mentioned company. 802.1x make it possible to limit usage of the computer network based on the credentials delivered from the connected devices. The devices get validated on the physical port that they connect to the network through. The company requested a solution which included methods for authentication of different kinds of users and equipment. This could be regular users, visitors and other devices. Part from that there were demands of a minimal influence on the existing environment and redundancy to guarantee highest possible availability. To reach the solution, a test setup was implemented in an environment corresponding to the company’s production system. The final solution was mainly built on components already existing at company’s site. Authentication requests made by users or devices are passed to a radius server which in turn asks the directory service for authentication validation. FreeRADIUS have been the solution of choice for this as it fits the requirements to cooperate with the company’s already existing Novell eDirectory. The end users and devices then dynamically get access to appropriate resources based on their assigned rights.