Esta tese propõe a investigação sobre as origens doutrinárias da função social dos contratos e, a partir delas, apresenta os instrumentos para a interpretação da cláusula geral do art. 421 do Código Civil. A tese encontra na doutrina italiana e no pensamento de Miguel Reale a base doutrinária da clláusula geral. A principal proposição dessa incursão é de que o juiz, ao aplicar a cláusula geral, deve usar os parâmetros doutrinários construídos pela tradição. A tradição e os dispositivos constitucionais que disciplinam a liberdade de contratar são os principais instrumentos para o controle das decisões judiciais, o que é indispensável que se preserve as regras do regime constritucional democrático e princípio da dignidade da pessoa. / The thesis proposes to survey the doctrinary origins of the social function of contracts and, from them, to present the instruments to interpret the general clause contained on the Civil Code’s article 421. The thesis sets the general clause doctrinary base on the Italian doctrine and also on Miguel Reale’s thought. The approach’s main proposition is that the judge, on applying the general clause, must use the doctrinary parameters built by tradition. Tradition and constitutional prescriptions that discipline the freedom to establish a contract are the main instruments to carry out the control of judicial decisions, what is fundamental to preserve the rules of the democratic constitutional regime and the person’s dignity principle.

Esta tese propõe a investigação sobre as origens doutrinárias da função social dos contratos e, a partir delas, apresenta os instrumentos para a interpretação da cláusula geral do art. 421 do Código Civil. A tese encontra na doutrina italiana e no pensamento de Miguel Reale a base doutrinária da clláusula geral. A principal proposição dessa incursão é de que o juiz, ao aplicar a cláusula geral, deve usar os parâmetros doutrinários construídos pela tradição. A tradição e os dispositivos constitucionais que disciplinam a liberdade de contratar são os principais instrumentos para o controle das decisões judiciais, o que é indispensável que se preserve as regras do regime constritucional democrático e princípio da dignidade da pessoa. / The thesis proposes to survey the doctrinary origins of the social function of contracts and, from them, to present the instruments to interpret the general clause contained on the Civil Code’s article 421. The thesis sets the general clause doctrinary base on the Italian doctrine and also on Miguel Reale’s thought. The approach’s main proposition is that the judge, on applying the general clause, must use the doctrinary parameters built by tradition. Tradition and constitutional prescriptions that discipline the freedom to establish a contract are the main instruments to carry out the control of judicial decisions, what is fundamental to preserve the rules of the democratic constitutional regime and the person’s dignity principle.

Esta tese propõe a investigação sobre as origens doutrinárias da função social dos contratos e, a partir delas, apresenta os instrumentos para a interpretação da cláusula geral do art. 421 do Código Civil. A tese encontra na doutrina italiana e no pensamento de Miguel Reale a base doutrinária da clláusula geral. A principal proposição dessa incursão é de que o juiz, ao aplicar a cláusula geral, deve usar os parâmetros doutrinários construídos pela tradição. A tradição e os dispositivos constitucionais que disciplinam a liberdade de contratar são os principais instrumentos para o controle das decisões judiciais, o que é indispensável que se preserve as regras do regime constritucional democrático e princípio da dignidade da pessoa. / The thesis proposes to survey the doctrinary origins of the social function of contracts and, from them, to present the instruments to interpret the general clause contained on the Civil Code’s article 421. The thesis sets the general clause doctrinary base on the Italian doctrine and also on Miguel Reale’s thought. The approach’s main proposition is that the judge, on applying the general clause, must use the doctrinary parameters built by tradition. Tradition and constitutional prescriptions that discipline the freedom to establish a contract are the main instruments to carry out the control of judicial decisions, what is fundamental to preserve the rules of the democratic constitutional regime and the person’s dignity principle.

Freedom to contract and its restriction in business obligations (Summary) This thesis deals with freedom to contract and its limitations in the field of business obligations. It introduces the possibilities that parties have when entering into contracts as well as it outlines the boundaries which they cannot cross. It aspires to clarify the topic by referring to a wide scope of related judicial decisions which have evolved throughout the years. The first chapter briefly describes and classifies business obligations; hence it specifies cases in which freedom to contract and its restriction apply. The second chapter then characterizes freedom to contract and sets it to the context of other fundamental principles governing private law. It also clarifies the normative roots of this freedom and describes the nature of legal rules that can be freely deviated from in a contract. The following chapter reviews particular manifestations of freedom to contract with special focus on free determination of contract's content. The last chapter looks into various kinds of restrictions that limit contracting parties entering into business obligations. It deals with certain issues regarding mandatory rules and mentions some formal requirements regarding legal acts. Then the analysis of restriction of freedom to contract set...

This thesis deals with the actual extent of contractual freedom in labor law relations from the theoretical perspective and from the perspective of its specific consequences in labor law as well. Therefore the thesis consists of two main parts. In part one, the thesis defines the legal principle concept and continues with the autonomy of the will characteristic, from which the contractual freedom principle derives, and then it describes its restrictions as a reset of both the principle of equality and the principle of protection of the weaker party to contract. As follows, the thesis deals with the position of labor law within the private law area, its historical development, the influence of the Constitutional Court decision no. 116/2008 Coll. and the adoption of the new Civil Code in terms of the labor law contractual freedom extent. The ending of the first part is dedicated to the modern "flexicurity" system that seeks to reach the balance between contractual freedom on one hand and an employee protection within labor law on the other hand. In its second part, the thesis aims to analyze particular appearances of contractual freedom within chosen labor law aspects as it both, shortly describes them and assesses them in terms of the space that they provide to contractual freedom and the amount of...