Thesis--Bonn. / Cover title. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-diss.--Rostock.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--New York University, Graduate School of Arts and Science, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 643-678). Also available in electronic format on the World Wide Web. Access restricted to users affiliated with the licensed institutions.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--New York University, Graduate School of Arts and Science, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 295-327). Also available in electronic format on the World Wide Web. Access restricted to users affiliated with the licensed institutions.

Inaug.-Diss.--Bonn. / Lebenslauf. "Literaturverzeichnis": p. 104-105.

Inaug.-diss.--Erlangen. / Also pub. in K. Vollmöller's Romanische forschungen, v. 22, pt. 3, and separately, Erlangen, 1907.

<p> Even though Sade&rsquo;s reputation as an &ldquo;ath&eacute;e exacerb&eacute;&rdquo;(1) seems to dominate the critics, this dissertation argues that his atheism is not as obvious as it seems. Through an analysis of the correlation between language and religion in the marquis&rsquo; work, this study demonstrates that it is through his mistrust of language that Sade presents his ideas. While his libertines seem to profess the superiority of atheism, their discourse is undermined by their rhetoric. Through the use of sophisms, Sade is able to present the dispute between philosophers and apologists, which dominated the second half of the XVIII century, as sterile. The presentation of the libertines&rsquo; materialist ideas is equally problematic since the moral relativism they express is incompatible with the foundation of the Enlightenment&rsquo;s ethical values. Moreover, Sade&rsquo;s libertine novels profess the refusal of any acknowledgment of an ethic based solely on men, while his pessimism towards human nature puts him closer to the apologists. By undermining the foundations of any secular ethic, Sade places himself against both philosophers and apologists who, for once, agreed on the idea that virtue was the truest way to happiness. </p><p> Sade&rsquo;s novels therefore undermine both apologists and philosophers&rsquo; ideas by showing their contradictions. By presenting all of the prevailing religious thoughts of his time, Sade multiplies them in order to reduce them to binary notions that ultimately cancel each other out. Sade uses atheism to underscore the contradictions of his time. He presents a world in which all reference points have disappeared and in which every discourse seems to be a deception waiting to be exposed. Confronted with the unequivocal representations of both the philosophers and the apologists, whether triumphant or disparaging, Sade proves that one needs to push back with skepticism. </p><p> The discourse on religion in Sade&rsquo;s work could therefore be summed-up by the dying man: &ldquo;You compose, you construct, you dream, you magnify and complicate; I sift, I simplify. You accumulate errors, pile one atop the other; I combat them all&rdquo;(2).</p><p>

Includes bibliographical references (p. 285-307).

The famous fables of La Fontaine date back to the 17th century and have been studied in French schools in many countries throughout the world. They are also the literary source for the "Crepuscule des 10 ups", a collection of satires by Jean Dutourd. I analyzed 12 of these satires, along with the 12 corresponding fables, to establish the procedure for the transformation of the "Fables" and to examine the fmal result. I based myself on Jolles' theory of Simple Forms tackled in Part I. These are ancient literary forms which had not been previously explored. Part 2 examined the socio-political milieu of Jean Dutourd (with Jean de La Fontaine's curriculum vitae relegated to the Appendices section).In the following chapters I aimed to reveal the factors which influenced their work the most. Jolles explains that the history of the form is important for the study of certain forms, especially with regards to the social milieu. The first problem which this thesis explores is, what has happened to the form of the fable. - Could the fable survive the 20th century?- If so, with what transformations? These are the type of questions which Jolles would have posed, because, the Simple Forms date back to antiquity and stem from the anthropological needs of man, fulfilling certain functions. In Part Three, I analyzed the evolved forms of the first degree (the fables of La Fontaine) with respect to the evolved forms of the second degree (each of the 12 corresponding satires). I considered the human aspects, similarities and additions, as well as Dutourd's reversal of situations, where he questions the morals contained in the fables. I also make a comparison between Louis XIV's socio political world, (the milieu of La Fontaine), to that of the De Gaulle era. The role of the associative memory notably that of the various events in their time-span, is of prime importance. It is via the association and the memories of the past that we can reconstruct the sociopolitical milieu which constitute the base of the fables. To conclude, the main aim of the satires is to paint the good, old fables in the hues of the 20th century, rather like one would renovate the fayade of some decrepit construction. Let it suffice to quote the following line taken from the outside back cover of "Le crepuscule des loups": "The fabulist of to-day can perhaps perceive some details which were invisible during the time of Louis XIV"I . The thesis then finally comments on the spirit of 20th century man- has he changed all that much since the 17th century?

Includes bibliography. / Several reasons motivated me to choose the subject: THEMATICS ANALYSIS OF NGEMENA. Ngemena is a novel by Paul Lomami Tchibamba, published at first in 1960. However, in comparing all the literatures of the time, Ngemena is one of the books of the 1960, which was awaiting a place in the history of literature. It does not hide its intentions to seek a place in francophone literature of liberation struggle. It also claims to question the mission of civilization. The author is trying to relate events that have taken place in the Africa continent, particularly in Congo (DRC). He gives a concise and precise picture to show what happened from 1950 to 1960 under Belgian rule. This study consists of an analysis of the themes present in the book of Paul Lomami Tchibamba: Ngemena. This analysis allows us to assess and understand some social and political problems during the colonialist occupation in Congo (DRC). The novel relates the story of Paulo. In the boat in which he travels, there were separated compartments according to race, meaning that, Black and White people were allocated compartments that were far from each other. In some instances segregation would seem to be circumvented by assimilation that is when a Black person changes his/her behavior and imitates White behavior. But Tchibamba shows that by loosing his/her roots, this Black person becomes a real slave. During the same period, large number of Western missionaries arrived on the African continent. It was said that this period heralded the birth of Christian faith. The Black people adopted Christian principles, and rejected their culture and traditions. In this way, they found it easier to accept the presence of White people. This invariably led to their dissociation from their roots. There was also the Exploitation of a Black by a Black: This form of exploitation took place in families where some members adopted the White culture and started treating their fellow Black brothers and sisters as inferior to them. These people become more dangerous to their Black folks. The story told by Paul Lomami T. gives a full picture of things as they were and can be analyzed follows: I will explore the history of colonialism by reading relevant literatures; I will attempt to explore all the themes of the novel in order to come to come to an understand of the ideas of the author. My aim is not to advance a comprehensive condemnation of colonization, nor to be apologetic about it. The objective is: reading, understanding, interpreting, and finally comparing the situation as it was before and after colonization.