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by Xie Weijun. / Publication date from spine. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-122). / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.x / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Economic and biotechnological significance of Lentinula edodes --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Biological background --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Life cycle --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Morphological changes during fruit body development --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Biochemistry of fruit body development --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Molecular studies --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- RNA AP-PCR --- p.23 / Chapter 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.26 / Chapter 3.1 --- Biological materials --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2 --- Media --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3 --- RNA AP-PCR with RNAs isolated from four different developmental stages --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Isolation of total RNAs --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- RNA AP-PCR --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- PCR reamplification --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4 --- PCR cloning and screening --- p.33 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- PCR product purification --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Cloning --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Transformation --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Screening --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4.4.1 --- Restriction enzyme digestion of plasmid DNA --- p.36 / Chapter 3.4.4.2 --- PCR Screening --- p.38 / Chapter 3.5 --- DNA sequencing --- p.38 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Preparation of double-stranded template --- p.38 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Sequencing reaction using double-stranded templates --- p.39 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Electrophoresis --- p.40 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Autoradiography and analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 3.6 --- Dot-blot analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Dot-blot --- p.41 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Probe preparation --- p.42 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Prehybridization and hybridization --- p.43 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- Autoradiography and Analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 3.7 --- Study on one clone: the gene encoding ubiquitin --- p.44 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- "Design of primers:UBR5A, UBR3A and Polyub5A, polyub3A" --- p.44 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- Isolation of DNA from mycelium and fruit body --- p.46 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- Specific PCR with Polyub primers --- p.46 / Chapter 3.7.4 --- RT-PCR --- p.47 / Chapter 4. --- RESULTS --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1 --- Total RNA isolation --- p.48 / Chapter 4.2 --- RNA AP-PCR --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3 --- PCR reamplification --- p.58 / Chapter 4.4 --- Molecular cloning of RAP products --- p.58 / Chapter 4.5 --- Screening --- p.61 / Chapter 4.6 --- DNA sequencing --- p.65 / Chapter 4.7 --- Sequence analyses --- p.80 / Chapter 4.8 --- Dot blot --- p.84 / Chapter 4.9 --- Further study on pMrG290a --- p.84 / Chapter 5. --- DISCUSSION --- p.92 / Chapter 5.1 --- RNA AP-PCR --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2 --- PCR cloning --- p.94 / Chapter 5.3 --- Nucleotide sequencing --- p.95 / Chapter 5.4 --- Dot blot --- p.96 / Chapter 5.5 --- Effect of polyphenol in RNA or DNA samples to the efficiency of reverse transcription and PCR --- p.98 / Chapter 5.6 --- Ubiquitin and fruit body development --- p.99 / Chapter 5.7 --- "Mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics and fruit body development" --- p.102 / CONCLUSION --- p.105 / REFERENCES --- p.107

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The CLAVATA1 (CLV1), CLV2 and CORYNE (CRN) receptors egulate cell proliferation in shoot meristems through inhibition of WUSCHEL (WUS). Mutations in these receptors produce more floral organs. The prevailing model proposes that the extra organs are generated from enlarged floral meristems. Using forward and reverse genetics, I identified new alleles in clv1, clv2 and crn and found that most alleles only affect fruit organ number and not sepal, petal or stamen number. Analysis of inflorescence and floral meristems of clv1, clv2 and crn mutants revealed that most mutants do not have altered meristem size. I show that mutations in the ERECTA gene enhance the extra valve phenotype in crn mutants by increasing proliferation in floral meristems. Further data indicate that all mutants tested generate extra organs during fruit development and that CLV1, CLV2 and CRN expression in developing fruit overlaps with regions of increased cell division and extra organs formation. In addition, I provide evidence that CLV1 regulates the transcription factor SHOOTMERISTEMSLESS (STM) in these same regions, as mutations in STM suppress the fruit development phenotype in clv1 mutants.Analysis of the relationship between CLV pathway receptors in meristems and fruit revealed that during fruit development, all three are required to regulate fruit organ number. In meristems, I find that CLV1 appears to play a predominant role, based on evidence that the CLV1 homolog BARELY ANY MERISTEM1 (BAM1) compensates for the absence of CLV1 in the meristem but not in fruit. The fact that BAM1 does not interact genetically with CLV2 or CRN in meristems, further supports the hypothesis that BAM1/CLV1 receptor complexes play key roles in meristems. My analyses suggest that CLV3 acts specifically in the meristem pathway, and not in fruit. Also, I provide genetic data for a CLV3-related CLE gene as a ligand for the fruit-specific pathway. The work presented here provides evidence that a CLV/CRN-STM pathway acts in fruit to restrict cell division and consequently organ number via a mechanism analogous to the CLV/CRN-WUS pathway in shoot meristems, supporting the hypothesis that plants use conserved CLE/Receptor-like kinase/Homeodomain signaling module to maintain meristematic regions throughout the plant.

Bian Xue Lin. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-208). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

La tomate (Solanum lycopsersicum), qui forme un clade monophylétique restreint au sein de la large famille des Solanacées, est utilisée comme modèle pour l’analyse du génome, et le développement du fruit. A ce jour, de nombreux efforts ont été consacrés à l'analyse de la diversité génétique des espèces de tomate. Cependant peu de travaux ont porté sur l'analyse de la diversité épigénétique, alors qu’il est aujourd’hui admis que les processus épigénétiques jouent un rôle essentiel dans la diversité phénotypique. Dans un premier temps, le niveau de méthylation de l'ADN a été comparé dans les feuilles et les fruits de différentes variétés de tomates sauvages et cultivées. Puis la famille des gènes Enhancer of zeste (E (z)) a été analysée. Chez la tomate, cette famille comprend deux gènes fonctionnels ainsi qu’un pseudogène. Finalement la stabilité épigénétique reste un facteur majeur pouvant avoir un impact essentiel sur les stratégies de sélection végétales. En outre nous avons fait une caractérisation fine des différents aspects du développement du fruit et de la maturation. / Tomato (Solanum lycopsersicum) which forms a small monophyletic clade within the large Solanaceae family has been chosen as a model system for studying the Solanaceae genome, fruit development and ripening. At that time, many efforts have been devoted to the analysis of the genetic diversity of tomato species, little work has focused on the analysis epigenetic diversity in this clade, although there is a general agreement that epigenetic processes play essential role in the phenotypic diversity in animal and plant system. As first step, DNA methylation level was analyzed in leaves and fruits of various wild and cultivated tomato species.Additionally, the Enhancer of zest (E(z)) gene family has been analyzed. In tomato, the E(z) family consists in two functional genes (SlEZ1, SlEZ2) and in a pseudogene (SlEZ3). In addition, the epigenetic stability is an important consideration that could have a significant on strategies for crop breading. Finally, we made a fine characterization of the different aspects of fruit development and ripening. / All’interno della grande famiglia delle Solanacee è stato scelto il pomodoro (Solanum lycopsersicum) come sistema modello per studio dello sviluppo e maturazione del frutto. Molti sforzi sono stati fatti per analizzare la diversità genetica delle specie di pomodoro, pochi lavori invece riguardano l’analisi della diversità epigenetica, sebbene ci sia accordo sul fatto che processi epigenetici giochino un ruolo essenziale nella diversità fenotipica dei sistemi animali e vegetali. Inizialmente è stato analizzato il livello di metilazione del DNA in foglie e frutti delle diverse specie di pomodoro selvatico e coltivato. Inoltre, è stata analizzata la famiglia genica Enhancer of Zeste (E (z)). In pomodoro la famiglia E(z) consiste di 2 geni funzionali SlEZ1, SlEZ2 e di uno pseudogene SlEZ3. Inoltre la stabilità epigenetica è importante in quanto può avere un impatto sulle strategie di miglioramento genetico delle specie coltivate. Infine è stata condotta una attenta caratterizzazione dei meccanismi cellulari dello sviluppo del frutto e della sua maturazione.

Tjia Wai Mui. / Thesis submitted in: July 2002. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-140). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Tables --- p.xii / Chapter Chapter One --- Literature Review / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Growth of L. edodes --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Life cycle of L. edodes --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Growth parameters of L. edodes --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2.1 --- Temperature --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2.2 --- Relative humidity --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2.3 --- Moisture content in substrate --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.2.4 --- Light --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.2.5 --- pH --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Cultivation of L. edodes --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- History and development of artificial cultivation --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Use of forced fruiting --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4 --- Molecular studies of stress on fungi --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Studies of temperature stress in mushroom --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Studies of molecular chaperones in fungi --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.2.1 --- Role of molecular chaperones --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.2.2 --- Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and their cochaperones --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.2.3 --- Other chaperones --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.2.4 --- Molecular chaperones and development --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5 --- Prospectus --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter Two --- The Effect of Stress on the Growth of L. edodes / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Strain and culture conditions --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Stress treatments --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Data collection --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Data analysis --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Reliability analysis --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Descriptive statistics --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Independent t-test (ANOVA) --- p.33 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Sequence Analysis of selected Stress Genes / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Isolation of stress genes --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Construction of primordial cDNA library --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Screening of cDNA clones --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Sequence analyses of stress genes --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Amplification and purification of cDNA insert --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Full length DNA cycle sequencing --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Sequence analyses --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Screening of LeSSA (Inducible HSP70) --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- PCR screening of LeSSA by degenerate primers and LeSSB specific primers --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Screening of LeSSA from cDNA library by hybridization --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Sequence analyses --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- LeSSB --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- LeMge1 --- p.57 / Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- LeSTI1 --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.1.4 --- LeTCP1β --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.1.5 --- LeTCP1γ --- p.74 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Failure of isolating LeSSA (Inducible HSP70) --- p.80 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.82 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Sequence analyses --- p.82 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Screening of LeSSA --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Characterization of stress genes upon different stresses / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.86 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Strain and culture conditions --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Stress treatments --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Isolation of total RNAs --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.4.1 --- Reverse transcription --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.4.2 --- PCR amplification by specific primers of stress genes --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Northern blot analyses --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.5.1 --- RNA fractionation by formaldehyde gel electrophoresis --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.5.2 --- Northern blotting --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.5.3 --- Preparation of probes --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2.5.4 --- Hybridization and stringency washes --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Isolation of total protein --- p.94 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Quantification of protein by Bradford method --- p.95 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Western blot analyses --- p.95 / Chapter 4.2.8.1 --- Sodium dodecyl sulfate ´ؤ polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) --- p.95 / Chapter 4.2.8.2 --- Western blotting --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2.8.3 --- Immunodetection --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2.8.4 --- ECL detection --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Northern blot hybridization --- p.106 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Establishing an internal control --- p.106 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Dig-labelling of stress genes --- p.106 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Northern blot hybridizaton of stress genes --- p.106 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Western blot hybridization --- p.111 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussions --- p.113 / Chapter Chapter Five --- General Discussions --- p.118 / References --- p.123

Copy of author's previously published article inserted. Bibliography: leaves 127-154. Pollination and fruit development were investigated in relation to abscission and abnormalities, specifically, blanking, semi-blanking, non-splitting and premature splitting of fruit. Pollen germination was assessed in Pistacia vera, P. atlantica and P. terebinthus. The pollen tube pathway in pistachio was documented precisely. Growth periods of normal and abnormal pistachio fruits were investigated.

Copy of author's previously published article inserted. / Bibliography: leaves 127-154. / xiv, 155 leaves, [19] leaves of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Pollination and fruit development were investigated in relation to abscission and abnormalities, specifically, blanking, semi-blanking, non-splitting and premature splitting of fruit. Pollen germination was assessed in Pistacia vera, P. atlantica and P. terebinthus. The pollen tube pathway in pistachio was documented precisely. Growth periods of normal and abnormal pistachio fruits were investigated. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Ocnology, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of four drip irrigation treatments on five fruiting characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) using periodic observations to gauge the relative impact of these effects over time. The fruiting characteristics measured were: (1) number of flowers, (2) percent boll set, (3) number of bolls, (4) weight boll-1, and (5) seedcotton production. The irrigation treatments included four levels that in total season applied irrigation equaled 60, 68, 76, and 83 cm of water. Periodic observations included three, 3-week-intervals from the onset of flowering (26 June) to cutout (29 August). Results indicate that irrigation treatments had a significant effect on all characters measured, only in the later stages of development (later in the season) with higher amounts of irrigation applied producing higher levels of each character measured. Significant differences were found among periods of observation for all characters measured.