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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

GÃis de goma do cajueiro e derivados com quitosana - sÃntese, caracterizaÃÃo e ensaios preliminares em sistemas de liberaÃÃo de fÃrmacos. / Gels of cashew gum (cg) and derivatives with chitosan (ch): syntesis; characterization and assays preliminary in systems of release of farmacos.

Jeanny da Silva Maciel 07 June 2005 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / GÃis de goma do cajueiro e/ou derivados com quitosana foram sintetizados por trÃs diferentes rotas: complexaÃÃo polieletrolÃtica, re-acetilaÃÃo de quitosana e pelo mecanismo de formaÃÃo de base de Schiff. GÃis de goma do cajueiro carboximetilada com quitosana obtido por complexaÃÃo polieletrolÃtica (CPE) foram caracterizados por titulaÃÃo condutimÃtrica, potenciomÃtrica, espectroscopia na regiÃo do IV, analise termogravimÃtrica e microscopia eletrÃnica de varredura e quanto à capacidade de intumescimento. Os complexos foram obtidos em razÃes nÃo estequiomÃtricas de cargas. A razÃo [NH3 +]/[COO- ] nos gÃis dependendo grau de substituiÃÃo da goma carboximetilada e da ordem de adiÃÃo dos poliÃons durante a complexaÃÃo. Os gÃis obtidos sÃo solÃveis em meio Ãcido. Em pH > 7 a liberaÃÃo in vitro de diclofenaco de sÃdio e potÃssio, utilizando estas matrizes, ocorre rapidamente via mecanismo de liberaÃÃo nÃo-Fickiano. A reticulaÃÃo do gel permite a sua utilizaÃÃo em meio Ãcido. A liberaÃÃo de DCS em pH 1,2 tambÃm segue um mecanismo de liberaÃÃo nÃo-Fickiano. GÃis de quitosana reacetilada (QT)/goma do cajueiro (GC) foram preparados e testados na liberaÃÃo controlada de pilocarpina. Os gÃis foram caracterizados por espectroscopia na regiÃo do IV, analise termogravimÃtrica, raio-X e quanto à capacidade de intumescimento em Ãgua e em tampÃo. A liberaÃÃo de pilocarpina nos trÃs gÃis à similar nos primeiros 100 min, quando 60 % do fÃrmaco sÃo liberados. Acima desse tempo a maior concentraÃÃo de goma do cajueiro no gel provoca uma diminuiÃÃo da percentagem de pilocarpina liberada. Um mecanismo nÃo-Fickiano foi observado para o gel de quitosana em pH 2,0 e 7,4, enquanto que em pH 9,8 o mecanismo à Fickiano. GÃis de QT/GC mostraram mecanismo Fickiano de liberaÃÃo de pilocarpina, independente do pH. Derivados da goma do cajueiro oxidado (GCOX) com periodato foram sintetizados com percentagem de 2 a 62% de grupamentos aldeÃdicos. Os derivados foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de RMN de 1H e 13C 1D e 2D. Os derivados foram utilizados para preparaÃÃo de gÃis reticulados com quitosana via reaÃÃo base de Schiff. Os gÃis formados sÃo insolÃveis em meio Ãcido e bÃsico (7,4) apresentam capacidade de absorÃÃo de Ãgua de atà oito vezes sua massa seca em meio Ãcido (pH 1,2). A liberaÃÃo seqÃenciada de diclofenaco utilizando como matriz o gel QT:GCOX 2:1 foi estudada em pH 1,2 e 7,4. Em pH 1,2 praticamente nÃo à liberado fÃrmaco e liberaÃÃo controlada foi observada em meio pH 7,4. / Gels of cashew gum (CG) and/or derivatives with chitosan (CH) were synthesized by three different routes: polyelectrolyte complexation, re-acetylation of chitosan and by Schiff-base reaction mechanism. Chitosan/carboxymehtyl cashew gum polyelectrolyte complexes were synthesized using different chitosan (CH) and carboxymethyl cashew gum (CMCG) proportions. Polyelectrolyte (PEC) samples were characterized by potenciometric and conductimetric titrations, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and swelling behaviour. PEC samples were obtained in non stoichiometric charge ratio. The [NH3 +]:[COO-] ratio depends on the CMCG degree of substitution of and addition order of polyion during complexation. PEC samples were soluble in acidic medium. In pH >7.0 the in vitro release of sodium and potassium diclofenac (SDC and KDC respectively) occurred very quickly by a non Fickian mechanism. Crosslinking of PEC sample allowed it to be used in acidic medium. The controlled release of SDC in pH 1.2 was observed following also a non Fickian mechanism. Gels prepared by re-acetylation of chitosan and CH/cashew gum with acetic anhydride were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and swelling behaviour in water and in phosphate buffers. The release of pilocarpine for all reacethylated gels was shown to be similar in the first 100 min, where about 60 % of the pilocarpine was released. After this time, addition of CG to the gels decreases pilocarpine release rate in the medium. The release of pilocarpine from CH gel was found to be dependent on pH, a non-Fickian mechanism being observed for the release at pH 2 and 7.4 while at pH 9.8 a Fickian diffusion mechanism took place. On the other hand the release of pilocarpine in CH/CG matrix occurred by Fickian mechanism, independent of the pH value. Ix Periodate oxidized cashew gum derivatives (CGOX) with degree of oxidation between 2 to 62 % were synthesized. Oxidized samples were characterized by 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, gel permeation chromatography and swelling behaviour. Gels with chitosan and oxidized CG were obtained by Schiff-base reaction mechanism. The gels were insoluble in acidic and basic medium. Release of SDC by CH/CGOX gel was investigated. At pH = 1.2 no drug is released in the medium and a controlled released is observed at pH = 7.4.

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