Purpose: Determination of genotypic/phenotypic features of GATAD2B-associated neurodevelopmental disorder(GAND). Methods: Fifty GAND subjects were evaluated to determine consistentgenotypic/phenotypic features. Immunoprecipitation assays utilizing in vitrotranscription–translation products were used to evaluate GATAD2B missensevariants’ ability to interact with binding partners within the nucleosomeremodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex. Results: Subjects had clinical findings that included macrocephaly,hypotonia, intellectual disability, neonatal feeding issues, polyhydramnios,apraxia of speech, epilepsy, and bicuspid aortic valves. Forty-one novelGATAD2B variants were identified withmultiple variant types (nonsense, truncating frameshift, splice-site variants,deletions, and missense). Seven subjects were identified with missense variantsthat localized within two conserved region domains (CR1 or CR2) of the GATAD2Bprotein. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed several of these missense variantsdisrupted GATAD2B interactions with its NuRD complex binding partners. Conclusions: A consistent GAND phenotype was caused by a range of geneticvariants in GATAD2B that includeloss-of-function and missense subtypes. Missense variants were present inconserved region domains that disrupted assembly of NuRD complex proteins.GAND’s clinical phenotype had substantial clinical overlap with other disordersassociated with the NuRD complex that involve CHD3 and CHD4, with clinicalfeatures of hypotonia, intellectual disability, cardiac defects, childhoodapraxia of speech, and macrocephaly.

Le cancer du sein est une maladie complexe résultant de la prolifération non contrôlée des cellules mammaires. Plus de 70% des tumeurs mammaires expriment les récepteurs des oestrogènes (ER) et peuvent bénéficier d’hormonothérapies ciblées. Parmi les thérapies hormonales, on y retrouve des anti-oestrogènes tel que le Fulvestrant. Les mécanismes d’action de ERα ne sont pas encore tous connus, d’où l’importance d’étudier son interactome. Un TurboID a été effectué dans la lignée cellulaire ERα+ ZR75.1. Ceci a permis d’identifier de potentiels interacteurs de ERα en réponse à différents traitements (E2 vs Fulvestrant) : GATAD2B, une sous-unité du complexe répresseur NuRD, et AIP, un interacteur connu du récepteur d’aryl hydrocarbone (AHR). Ces deux complexes sont connus comme pouvant être impliqué dans la signalisation par ERα. Nous avons donc émis comme hypothèse que GATAD2B et AIP étaient des cofacteurs de ERα et pouvaient avoir un impact sur l’activité transcriptionnelle de ERα. Nos objectifs étaient de mieux comprendre la relation entre ces protéines et ERα. Nous avons d’abord validé la colocalisation et la proximité de ces protéines avec ERα dans les cellules ER+ ZR-75-1. Nous avons ensuite observé l’interaction de ERα avec GATAD2B et AIP. De plus, des analyses par ChIP-qPCR ont permis d’observer le recrutement de ces protéines aux EREs du promoteur de GREB1 et que ce recrutement pouvait être modulé par les ligands de ERα. Finalement, nous avons pu observer par RNAseq que l’inhibition de GATAD2B entraînait une surexpression de groupes de gènes impliquées dans la réponse oestrogénique ERα-dépendante. Ainsi, nos travaux suggèrent que GATAD2B et AIP sont des interacteurs de ERα dans les cellules ER+ ZR-75-1. De plus, les résultats préliminaires semblent indiquer que GATAD2B pourrait jouer un rôle dans la répression de l’activité transcriptionnelle de ERα en présence de Fulvestrant. / Breast cancer is a complex and heterogenous disease resulting form the uncontrolled proliferation of breast cells. More than 70% of breast tumors express ERα and can benefit from targeted hormonotherapies. Among hormonal therapies, there are antiestrogens such as Fulvestrant. The mechanism of action of ERα signaling are still not all known and therefore, more studies need to be done to better understand Erα signaling pathways. With the aim to identify potential novel Erα interactors, a TurboID screening was done in ER+ cells, ZR-75-1. This screening led to the identification of GATAD2B, a sub-unit of the NuRD repressive complex, and AIP, a known interactor of AhR. Cross-signaling pathways between these two complexes and ERα are known. We hypothesized that GATAD2B and AIP were ERα cofactors could impact ERα transcriptional activity. Therefore, we aimed to better understand the relationship between these proteins and ERα. We first validated the colocalization and proximity of these proteins with ERα in ER+ ZR-75-1 cells. We then observed the interaction of ERα with GATAD2B and AIP. In addition, ChIP-seq experiments led to the observation of the recruitment of these proteins to the EREs of GREB1 promoter and that this recruitment could be modulated by ERα ligands. Finally, we were able to observe by RNAseq that the inhibition of GATAD2B leads to an overexpression of groups of genes involved in the ERα-dependent estrogen response. To conclude, our work suggests that GATAD2B and AIP are ERα interactors in ER+ ZR-75-1 cells. Additionally, preliminary results suggest that GATAD2B may play a role in suppressing ERα transcriptional activity in the presence of Fulvestrant.