<p> This study investigated the variability in empathy amongst clinicians toward males and females who were the victims of child sexual abuse. Empathy has been clearly established as a crucial component of the direction and outcome of the psychotherapeutic care of a patient. Research shows that typically males who were the victims of sexual abuse during childhood often receive less empathy from their support system than females do. Empathy is pivotal to the treatment of males who were sexually abused because it is one of the main key-components addressing the psychopathology and perpetration risk-level of the patient. This study gathered clinicians' reports of empathic feelings utilizing the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). The research design was correlational. The findings showed that the group of therapists who read the male vignette demonstrated less empathy overall than the group of therapists who read the female vignette. This study highlights the importance of empathy within the treatment of sexually abused males and the goal of reducing the risk of perpetration.</p>

<p> Discipline in schools exists so that there are guidelines to ensure safety and learning. Administrators and teachers give students consequences based upon discipline guidelines made by the school districts' board of education. The discipline administered can be subjective. In a suburban mid-western school district, alarming trends in the amount of discipline referrals of male students both in the primary investigator's middle school and in the other middle schools within the researched district were recognized. </p><p> The purpose of this mixed methods study is to analyze and understand if gender discrepancies exist in discipline for middle school students among aspiring administrators, practicing administrators, and teachers. The qualitative data, on-line surveys, sent to every middle school teacher within the researched district, revealed a bias towards male students' behaviors. Quantitative data from the researched school district's archival data also showed that male students' within the district received much more discipline and harsher consequences than female middle school students. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from students in the Educational Administration Master's program at a Mid-Western University. </p><p> One hundred-fifty aspiring administrators were blindly surveyed to analyze their responses of five gender specific vignettes. Each student received a vignette that was exactly the same except for the gender of the student's involved. For each vignette, the number of times each consequence of warning, detention, in-school-suspension, and out-of-school suspension was chosen for each gender of student represented in the disciplinary infraction described in the vignettes was tallied. Each vignette consequence showed differences in the assignment of the consequences by male and female aspiring administrators. </p>

<p> Many consider David Foster Wallace&rsquo;s <i>Infinite Jest</i>, an overtly <i>masculine</i> novel, in that most of it centers on or around male characters. Though one may locate powerful, influential, and even relatable female characters, it&rsquo;s difficult to pair them with a positive image or representation of the feminine. I argue that this lack of a positive representation is due to the novel&rsquo;s primary symbol and plot device, the deadly <i>Entertainment</i>. Using Luce Irigaray&rsquo;s <i> Sp&eacute;culum de l&rsquo;autre femme</i> (&lsquo;Speculum of the Other Woman,&rsquo; 1974) as a model, I examine <i>The Entertainment</i> as the key tool and target of my feminist critique. This ultimately sheds light on a fundamental &ldquo;blind-spot&rdquo; within <i>Infinite Jest </i>, as well as many scholarly readings of it.</p>

<p> This study analyzed the current phenomenon of bystanders recording female-on-female violent videos. This year marked the first time a YouTube video made national headlines for showing a woman beaten unconscious outside of a nightclub. The current study analyzed the volume of bystanders recording female-on-female violence, the amount of bystanders who revealed themselves as the video director, and the increase in violence and nudity within the YouTube videos. A content analysis provided a systematic and historical understanding of this female-on-female violence as a cultural phenomenon. In the seven-year period from 2007-2014, 64 percent of bystanders revealed themselves as the video director; a 55 percent increase in females punching each other; and a 40 percent increase in nudity. The data provides a platform for researchers to learn how female-on-female violence went from "cat fights" to beating a woman unconscious while recording it on a smart phone.</p>

My argument is that gender visibility in live and mediated performance can be enhanced by the use of the dramaturgical toolkit. The thesis as a whole offers a body of work and a method for recontextualising that work, and for reframing it in multimedia format. The visual and written texts on the DVD-Rom give equal weight to the performance and written research comprising this submission. Building upon that set of materials and meanings, but leaving deliberate gaps and spaces for debate and interpretation between them as well, I have attempted to offer a useful but also a flexible toolkit for use by future practitioners and scholars. Method: Taking as my case study Di's Midsummer Night Party, a site-based devised performance (this collaboration in 2000 was created with a scenographer, five professional actors and 20 extras, performed over five nights in an 18th-century house), I design and theorise a dramaturgical toolkit. The theoretical base is developed from established theoretical concerns, feminist performance theory and social semiotics to analyse an original contemporary performance work. Original contribution: The dramaturgical toolkit is designed to be used by artists, students and academics. My analytical tool is being used in teaching and is valuable to others who want to teach/research gender representation in live and mediated performance. Tests during development and subsequently have taken place with performance design and fashion students at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, where the kit encouraged the articulation and analysis of student work. The dramaturgical toolkit helps the facilitator to push students towards articulation and analysis of "bite-sized" bits that are distilled enough to be clear, and therefore useful for making and analysing performance. This process of distillation helps artists and students to focus down and to reach new levels of understanding.

<p> This qualitative study is aimed at understanding the experiences of three pre-operative male-to-female transgender individuals' perceptions of their genitalia. The participants completed a semistructured interview utilizing projective drawings to elicit a narrative about their perceptions regarding their genitalia. Interview transcripts were analyzed via interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) and three master themes were identified: former identity, detachment, and depersonalization. Each one of the themes sheds a light on the challenges preoperative male-to-female transgender individuals face in living with genitalia that are not congruent with their desired gender. This understanding of the male-to-female transgender perceptions of their genitalia further supports the literature review, suggesting the importance of sex reassignment surgery in order to transition fully to the desired sex for those who wish to do so (Lev, 2004). The findings indicate that sex reassignment surgery is an important step in treatment of gender dysphoria for individuals who wish to obtain surgery. </p>

No description available.

<p> Since its establishment as a mining camp, Denver was an integral part of life for many westerners, including homosexuals. Although Denver's early gay culture has received little scholarly attention, its history is unique and revealing, as its experience does not necessarily reflect those of other larger urban communities. This study examines how upper and middle-class white gay men navigated the boundaries of sexual morality to help define homosexual personhood for the public and form the basis of Denver's gay community between 1940 and 1975. Within the context of national discourse regarding "homosexuality," breadwinner liberalism, and the sexual revolution, the emergence and cohesion of Denver's gay community occurred during a transformation from homophile activism to the gay liberation movement. Subsequently, the history of gay Denver demonstrates the importance of politicization and sexuality in the construction and organization of gay scenes and the politics of moral respectability. Well before the materialization of a national "gay rights" movement and the gay liberation movement in the American twentieth century, Denver functioned as an example of how white gay men attempted to unify and create the basis of an early gay political movement.</p>

<p> This study hypothesized that differences in sex behaviors of men and women with sex addiction would mirror sex behaviors differences characteristic of men and women in general. A sample of 45 persons with sex addiction was obtained from social media websites. A validated sexual addiction questionnaire and gender-specific sex behavior questionnaire (GBQ) were administered. Results confirmed that all subjects had sex addiction. Sex addiction scores for men were universally higher than for women across all domains of sex addiction; all differences were statistically significant. Of 22 GBQ questions, 16 trended in the predicted direction; six did not. The proportion of endorsements in line with the hypothesis was significantly different from chance, suggesting that differences in sex behaviors of men and women with sex addiction mirror those of men and women in general. Four findings differed from the hypothesis, however. First, men with sex addiction had fewer relationships at one time than women. Second, men were less likely than women to seek escort or phone services, pay for sexually explicit phone calls, or use personal ads to find partners. Third, men and women equally endorsed being more likely to have sex with someone they know rather than anonymous sex partners. Fourth, women more often reported having one-night stands than men. These gender-specific behaviors deviate from past research, suggesting that men and women with sex addiction may choose some sexual behaviors atypical of their gender. Cultural and technological changes that may be impacting these novel sex behaviors were explored.</p>

<p> The aim of this research is to explore whether and how gay and bisexual men experience street harassment&mdash;those public interactions committed by strangers that are targeted at individuals with specific (perceived) identities <i> because</i> of those identities. Street harassment is unwelcome and intimidating and makes people feed scared, uncomfortable, and humiliated, and research up to this point has mainly focused on the harassment of women by men. This study was conducted using only online methods, using a survey to interact with 331 gay and bisexual men from at least 42 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, and 22 countries, in addition to follow-up interviews with 24 of those survey-takers. Ninety percent of the survey respondents reported sometimes, often, or always feeling unwelcome in public because of their sexual orientation, and 71.3 percent said they constantly assess their surroundings when navigating public spaces. This is not the case for everyone, though. Some men don't report these feelings because they may view victimization as inconsistent with their male identity, or they may just not experience it at all. The results also suggest important differences between the harassment of women vs. the harassment of gay/bisexual men. They also show interesting variety in experiences across identity categories&mdash;including age and race&mdash;in addition to differences depending on how men view their own masculinity and legibility of sexual orientation. Much more research is required to fully understand the experiences of particular groups, including transpeople, but that degree of focus was unfortunately beyond the scope of this study. </p>