Zugl.: Köln, Universiẗat, Diss., 1995. / Zugl.: Köln, Univ., Diss., 1995.

Orientador: Adriana Maria Bernardes da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T17:25:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sombini_EduardoAugustoWellendorf_M.pdf: 6133305 bytes, checksum: 2637c5124cbec71379dc9af63c3a2ad5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Entre as diversas faces assumidas pela urbanização contemporânea, os processos de refuncionalização e revalorização de centros urbanos têm desempenhado papel de destaque nas estratégias públicas e privadas de reorganização territorial das cidades em todo o mundo. Anteriormente restrito a algumas metrópoles do capitalismo avançado, a partir da década de 1990 esse processo se difundiu globalmente e atingiu com as mediações das formações socioespaciais e dos lugares, várias metrópoles dos países periféricos. Após longos períodos de desvalorização imobiliária e migração de parte das atividades do circuito superior da economia urbana, os centros históricos têm sido tomados por intervenções que buscam mobilizar os atributos materiais e simbólicos desses subespaços como instrumento de uma política urbana voltada para a atração de investimentos, consumidores e turistas e de criação de imagens hegemônicas das cidades. Muitas cidades brasileiras, seguindo a tão difundida experiência internacional, tem apostado na afirmação dos usos culturais e na atração de atividades informacionais como os catalisadores ideais para as transformações urbanas pretendidas para as áreas centrais. Desde a década de 1990, essas concepções têm sido os principais suportes do projeto de revalorização do centro paulistano e vem aglutinando tanto as políticas do planejamento territorial estatal como as estratégias de diversos agentes econômicos, aprofundando a urbanização corporativa da metrópole paulistana. Neste trabalho, propomos analisar as variáveis explicativas da revalorização contemporânea do centro de São Paulo (2005-2012), considerando os agentes sociais envolvidos, as concepções que orientam as ações, os instrumentos técnicos e políticos mobilizados e as disputas pelo uso do território do centro paulistano, com o intuito de contribuir para estruturar uma reflexão sobre os nexos que constroem o atual projeto hegemônico de reorganização do território da área central da metrópole / Abstract: Among the many facets assumed by contemporary urbanization, the processes of refunctionalisation and revalorization of urban centers have played a prominent role in public and private strategies of territorial reorganization across the world. Previously restricted to a few cities of advanced capitalism, from the 1990s this process has spread globally and reached, with the mediations of socio-spatial formations and places, various cities of the peripheral countries. After long periods of housing devalorization and migration of part of the activities of the upper circuit of the urban economy, the historical centers have been focus of interventions that seek to mobilize the material and symbolic attributes of these subspaces as an instrument of urban policy toward the investment attraction, consumers and tourists and the creation of hegemonic cities image. Many Brazilian cities, following widespread international experience, has focused on the assertion of cultural uses and attracting informational activities as ideal catalysts for urban transformations intended to central areas. Since the 1990s, these views have been the major supporters of the project of revalorization of downtown São Paulo and since then has been joined both the state land planning policies and strategies from various economic agents, deepening the corporate urbanization of the metropolis. In this work, we propose to analyze the explanatory variables of the contemporary revalorization of the center of Sao Paulo (2005-2012), considering the social agents involved, the concepts that guide the actions, the technical and political instruments mobilized and the struggles over the use of the territory of the center of São Paulo, in order to help structure a reflection on the connections that build the current hegemonic project of reorganization of the territory of the central area of the metropolis / Mestrado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Mestre em Geografia

0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

This thesis examines urban inequalities in the Canadian context and focuses on Ottawa, the capital city. Firstly, income inequality in the eight largest Census Metropolitan Areas in Canada, between 1971 and 2016, is examined through an analysis of income polarization and its spatial patterns. The middle-income group has declined across CMAs, while the low-income group has usually expanded. Concurrently, increasing spatial fragmentation is identified in every CMA examined. Local spatial autocorrelation identified clustering of high-income Census Tracts (CTs) suggesting that these areas are more resilient to fragmentation. Therefore, patterns of urban inequality are ones of an unequivocally disappearing middle-income population with an increasingly spatially fragmented urban income-scape. At local levels, inequality is manifest in processes such as gentrification. To increase the spatial and temporal ability to monitor and map gentrification in a large city, artificial intelligence and Google Street View imagery were used to identify visual improvements to properties that are indicative of gentrification between 2007 and 2016. A deep Siamese convolutional neural network (SCNN) and VGG19 backbone was trained to recognize visual gentrification-like changes of properties over time. This deep mapping model achieved a 95.6% level of accuracy in identifying the visual signs of property improvement using 86110 georeferenced photographs of individual properties in Ottawa, Canada. Given that the residential/commercial property itself is the atomic object of gentrification, properties identified as having undergone a gentrification like visual change were mapped as points to produce kernel density maps that reduce noise and identify regions of high visual property change intensity (hot spots). The intensity of visual property improvements exhibited strong concordance with the spatial pattern of building permits between 2011 and 2016. The results confirmed areas known to be undergoing gentrification and also presented areas where the process was not previously suspected of occurring. Thirdly, a select set of census-based quantitative methods of modelling gentrification were compared between 2006 and 2016 at both the CT and the finer dissemination area unit of analysis. All models were tested against their ability to predict the density of GSV-points per unit residential area that were predicted by the Siamese deep learning model. For the CT level, two new regression models were created using all the census variables identified within the learned literature. An OLS multivariable regression model was created using backward stepwise regression, after which only age (youth), dwelling-value, income & occupation were retained. Residual spatial dependence in the OLS required a spatial linear model specification. A spatially lagged simultaneous autoregressive model (SAR Lag_y) explained 57% of the variance in GSV-point density in Ottawa. Out of all the models tested, the SAR Lag_y possessed the strongest spatial correlation with the original pattern of GSV point density as measured using Lee's L bivariate spatial autocorrelation statistic. A second model was produced using quasibinomial regression in order to predict the probability of a given CT being gentrified. That model achieved 91.7% accuracy. Out of the five reproduced models from the literature, one preformed close to as well as our new models in predicting GSV-point density per unit residential area. While there is some agreement between models that purport to measure gentrification, there are considerable differences between models, which suggests that census-based gentrification measure should be locally focused.

No description available.

L’exode la classe moyenne vers la périphérie urbaine en Occident dans les années 1960 a laissé les quartiers centraux de plusieurs villes abandonnés. À cause de leur attraction foncière, certaines classes ont commencé à reconquérir ces endroits abordables. Face à ce phénomène, plusieurs villes ont créé des politiques de renouvellement urbain pour ramener la classe moyenne et diversifier le tissu social. À Fort-de-France, en Martinique, cette tendance s’affiche dans le plan d’urbanisme de 2003, dont le complexe de la Pointe Simon, comprenant un centre d’affaires, un hôtel et des condominiums de luxe, est la figure dominante. Situé dans un quartier défavorisé, ce projet est loin de faire l’unanimité au sein de la population. Cette recherche s’est intéressée à la perception du projet chez les citoyens de Rive-Droite, aux effets que celui-ci aura sur la composition sociale du quartier et sa possible gentrification. Nous avons découvert que loin d’être contre le changement dans leur secteur, les résidents sont mécontents du processus politique lié au projet.

L’exode la classe moyenne vers la périphérie urbaine en Occident dans les années 1960 a laissé les quartiers centraux de plusieurs villes abandonnés. À cause de leur attraction foncière, certaines classes ont commencé à reconquérir ces endroits abordables. Face à ce phénomène, plusieurs villes ont créé des politiques de renouvellement urbain pour ramener la classe moyenne et diversifier le tissu social. À Fort-de-France, en Martinique, cette tendance s’affiche dans le plan d’urbanisme de 2003, dont le complexe de la Pointe Simon, comprenant un centre d’affaires, un hôtel et des condominiums de luxe, est la figure dominante. Situé dans un quartier défavorisé, ce projet est loin de faire l’unanimité au sein de la population. Cette recherche s’est intéressée à la perception du projet chez les citoyens de Rive-Droite, aux effets que celui-ci aura sur la composition sociale du quartier et sa possible gentrification. Nous avons découvert que loin d’être contre le changement dans leur secteur, les résidents sont mécontents du processus politique lié au projet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in Communication and Culture. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 261-277). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR51780

Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-02

L’exode la classe moyenne vers la périphérie urbaine en Occident dans les années 1960 a laissé les quartiers centraux de plusieurs villes abandonnés. À cause de leur attraction foncière, certaines classes ont commencé à reconquérir ces endroits abordables. Face à ce phénomène, plusieurs villes ont créé des politiques de renouvellement urbain pour ramener la classe moyenne et diversifier le tissu social. À Fort-de-France, en Martinique, cette tendance s’affiche dans le plan d’urbanisme de 2003, dont le complexe de la Pointe Simon, comprenant un centre d’affaires, un hôtel et des condominiums de luxe, est la figure dominante. Situé dans un quartier défavorisé, ce projet est loin de faire l’unanimité au sein de la population. Cette recherche s’est intéressée à la perception du projet chez les citoyens de Rive-Droite, aux effets que celui-ci aura sur la composition sociale du quartier et sa possible gentrification. Nous avons découvert que loin d’être contre le changement dans leur secteur, les résidents sont mécontents du processus politique lié au projet.