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This dissertation thesis are concerned about the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analyses inside of the Building Information Models (BIM). BIM and GIS are compared from different points of view like data organization, geometry types and modelling paradigms. Results of this comparisons are applied in the first case study where BIM data in IFC format are converted to the SHP format usable for spatial analyses in GIS. The results of the case study are evaluated and new approach for spatial analyses in BIM models is proposed based on the results. The new proposed approach is based on the semantic relations existing in the BIM models. Thesis are concluded with the future development which is in line with authors actual focus.

In 2010, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) released the first edition of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM). The HSM introduces a six-step safety management process which provides engineers with a systematic and scientific approach to managing road safety. The first step of this process, network screening, aims to identify the locations that will most benefit from a safety improvement program. The output obtained from network screening is simply a list of locations that have a high concentration of collisions, based on their potential for safety improvement. The ranking naturally tends to lead to the assumption that the most highly ranked locations are the obvious target locations where road authorities should allocate their often-limited road safety resources. Though these locations contain the highest frequency of collisions, they are often spatially unrelated, and scattered throughout the roadway network. Allocating safety resources to these locations may not be the most effective method of increasing road safety. The purpose of this research is to investigate and validate a two-step method of post-network screening analysis, which identifies collision hotzones (i.e., groups of neighboring hotspots) on a road network. The first step is the network screening process described in the HSM. The second step is new and involves network-constrained kernel density estimation (KDE), a type of spatial analysis. KDE uses expected collision counts to estimate collision density, and outputs a graphical display that shows areas (referred to here as hotzones) with high collision densities. A particularly interesting area of application is the identification of high-collision corridors that may benefit from a program of systemic safety improvements. The proposed method was tested using five years of collision data (2005-2009) for the City of Regina, Saskatchewan. Three different network screening measures were compared: 1) observed collision counts, 2) observed severity-weighted collision counts, and 3) expected severity-weighted collision counts. The study found that observed severity-weighted collision counts produced a dramatic picture of the City's hotzones, but this picture could be misleading as it could be heavily influenced by a small number of severe collisions. The results obtained from the expected severity-weighted collision counts smoothed the effects of the severity-weighting and successfully reduced regression-to-the-mean bias. A comparison was made between the proposed approach and the results of the HSM’s existing network screening method. As the proposed approach takes the spatial association of roadway segments into account, and is not limited to single roadway segments, the identified hotzones capture a higher number of expected EPDO collisions than the existing HSM methodology. The study concludes that the proposed two-step method can help transportation safety professionals to prioritize hotzones within high-collision corridors more efficiently and scientifically. Jurisdiction-specific safety performance functions (SPFs) were also developed over the course of this research, for both intersections (three-leg unsignalized, four-leg unsignalized, three and four-leg signalized), and roadway segments (major arterials, minor arterials, and collectors). These SPFs were compared to the base SPFs provided in the HSM, as well as calibrated HSM SPFs. To compare the different SPFs and find the best-fitting SPFs for the study region, the study used statistical goodness-of-fit (GOF) tests and cumulative residual (CURE) plots. Based on the results of this research, the jurisdiction-specific SPFs were found to provide the best fit to the data, and would be the best SPFs for predicting collisions at intersections and roadway segments in the City of Regina.

Spatial analysis for optimization of student assignments in cartography Abstract The aim of the diploma thesis is to perform a multi-criteria analysis of large spatial data, which will result in the identification of a predetermined number of the variants of the territory, which are optimal for creating the student assignments. The main part of the thesis is to design and to calculate the spatial evaluation criteria. In the theoretical part, a theory of multi-criteria analysis and examples of its use in general in geoinformatics and assessment of landscape potential are presented. The practical part is devoted to the design of own methodology for assessment of the territory from the point of view of suitability for processing of student tasks, including its application over the territory of the Czechia in order to obtain information about the territory. Multi-criteria analysis was divided into two steps: pre-selection of the territory based on Boolean evaluation and subsequent sorting of the variants from the most suitable to the least appropriate using the TOPSIS method. The scales of the individual criteria were determined by the scoring method. The main result of the thesis is a new set of the variants of the territory, which are comparable with their processing demands. Keywords Spatial analysis,...

The use of past archaeological survey data for examination of landscape dynamics became very popular during the last decades of the 20th century, when Geographical Information Systems analysis were introduced in archaeology. In the present thesis, past survey data from Northern Messenia’s Middle and Late Helladic periods are combined to the topography and the environment of the region. These data are examined under the GIS prism, which attempts to update our knowledge on this geographical area.             The main scope of this thesis is to examine potential settlement patterns and land use, connectivity between sites and sites’ hierarchies. In the first query, the Kernel Density analysis has been used for estimating settlements’ patterns, and to consequently estimate preference of specific topographical features for land use, such as slope. Based on the patterns formed as a result of the analysis conducted in the first query, connectivity and hierarchy between sites is being tested with the use of cost connectivity and visibility tools.             The outcome of this analysis shows that the inhabitants of the past were significantly interacting with the landscape, since they preferred to nest around the protective slopes of the Soulima and the Kyparissian valleys. The area around their settlements reveals that these inhabitants opted to cultivate in flat or marginal land, while visibility from the sites seems to be an important factor for monitoring the region. However, it has been proved that a good number of collaborating sites were required to supervise the entire territory, which disproves any hierarchical ranking between them. On the other hand, connectivity depicts potential movement over Northern Messenia’s terrain and indicates that a few sites in the heart of the study area were to be considered as panoptic meeting grounds of the eastern and the western side. In conclusion, the overall analysis reveals a potential spatial bond between sites rather than a relationship based on rivalry.