In 1964 the government of Kuwait established the Central Tenders Committee (CTC). Its aims were fivefold: 1) to control the major areas of government spending on services and development projects; 2) to reduce the expenses of government departments when buying from private suppliers and to ensure the highest quality of provision; 3) to organise, standardise and unite all tendering procedures for all government departments through the CTC; 4) to avoid breach of trust between government departments and employees; 5) to treat all contractors who tender with fairness and avoid favouritism throughout the tender procedures. The thesis evaluates the economic role of central tendering within a particular sociopolitical context: that of Kuwait, and highlights the organisational nature of the slow responding and highly bureaucratic CTC. The implications of this for a dynamic business culture are stressed, and the differences between the CTC as formal model and the reality are discussed. Further attention is paid to the question of who benefits from this process of tendering. It is clear that the impact on the state of this system is variable, despite the initial hopes for the CTC, but there is no obvious pattern of advantage for particular types of companies or countries. A questionnaire was circulated to a sample of CTC employees, clients, customers, and suppliers. Little has been attempted elsewhere to evaluate a CTC approach, leading to a lack of information and research. It was hoped that by the tool of the questionnaire method, light could be thrown on the relative advantagesa nd caseo f use of the CTC mechanism. The five fold aims of the CTC are recognised as being worthy and relevant, with evidence that with some exceptions all are being met to a greater or lesser degree, but that simplification of the procedures and a speeding up of the process would release many more benefits.

Inaug.-Diss.--Basel. / "Diese Arbeit erscheint unter dem Titel 'Schweizerische Steuerpolitik im Dienste der Vollbeschäftigung' im Cosmos-Verlag in Bern." Vita. Bibliography: p. 127-128.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Delaware, 2008. / Principal faculty advisor: Joel Best, Dept. of Sociology & Criminal Justice. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

No description available.

In the aftermath of the 2008 economic recession, governments across the globe were forced to confront a difficult reality: growth and spending would need to be revised dramatically downward while central government systems would have to be made more efficient. In the United Kingdom specifically, the 2010 general election became a referendum on how quickly and severely to implement austerity policies the likes of which had not been seen for generations. Why did the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition choose austerity when other alternatives, such as a public sector stimulus package, were also available? To answer this question this research seeks to understand how and why political actors in the United Kingdom respond to economic and political crises through the implementation of specific efficiency reforms. This is accomplished through two specific steps: the establishment of an analytical framework to better understand the dynamics of efficiency reforms and an in-depth study of the historical development of efficiency reforms from the early twentieth century through the present. A historical institutionalist theoretical foundation is employed in order to understand the evolution of ideas throughout this time span. A thorough understanding of institutional effects, including aspects of lock-in effects and process tracing, are essential components of understanding why powerful political actors choose certain efficiency reforms over others. Ultimately, this research is meant as a first step towards a greater understanding of efficiency in government. Previous research has examined specific reforms in relative isolation without the benefit of historical context. By systematically tracing the evolution of efficiency reforms across different eras a more complete understanding of policies and political actors is established. Further research, including comparative studies across political systems and the incorporation of quantitative date, is discussed in the conclusion.

The debate over the role and the size of state activity in public economics remains controversial despite more than a century of active research. As a result, several explanations have been suggested to explain the expansion of the size of the public economy and a large amount of literature has been produced. In the late 19th century, the German economist Adolph Wagner predicted that economic development would be accompanied by a relative growth in the public sector. This thesis argues that the way the Wagner Hypothesis has been interpreted in the existing literature has been incomplete both on theoretical and empirical grounds. Data shows that the independent variable is an important determinant of the growth of government share in income. This result is generally consistent with the WH and lends support to the logistic and the Gompertz processes of government growth. Following discussion, the principal conclusion is that the rise of the share of government expenditure in income in the cross section sample of 88 countries can be partly explained by the changes in the levels of real GDP per capita for those countries. The thesis concludes with a discussion of some of the implications of these results and suggestions for further research. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The aim of the study was to see if any relationship between government spending andunemployment could be empirically found. To test if government spending affectsunemployment, a statistical model was applied on data from Sweden. The data was quarterlydata from the year 1994 until 2012, unit-root test were conducted and the variables wheretransformed to its first-difference so ensure stationarity. This transformation changed thevariables to growth rates. This meant that the interpretation deviated a little from the originalgoal. Other studies reviewed indicate that when government spending increases and/or taxesdecreases output increases. Studies show that unemployment decreases when governmentspending/GDP ratio increases. Some studies also indicated that with an already largegovernment sector increasing the spending it could have negative effect on output. The modelwas a VAR-model with unemployment, output, interest rate, taxes and government spending.Also included in the model were a linear and three quarterly dummies. The model used 7lags. The result was not statistically significant for most lags but indicated that as governmentspending growth rate increases holding everything else constant unemployment growth rateincreases. The result for taxes was even less statistically significant and indicates norelationship with unemployment. Post-estimation test indicates that there were problems withnon-normality in the model. So the results should be interpreted with some scepticism.

Thesis (M.A.) in Economics--University of Maine, 2007. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-70).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-136).