published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

The large proportion of smokers in China and the social consequences have had a damaging impact on public health as well as on the society. As a sub-national legislation, the Guangzhou anti-smoking legislations in Guangzhou play an important role in the legislative control in China since it is one of the most severe local tobacco control laws in China. Many legislative experts, public health professionals and even decision makers have great hope on this law. But the consequence of this law is disappointed. And this anti-smoking legislation has exposed a lot of problems. This article introduces the current status of tobacco control legislation in Guangzhou; analyzes the effectiveness of Hong Kong and Canada's tobacco control law; identifies four areas (the weak effect of the anti-smoking law; inappropriate penalties; limited governmental capacity and uncertain political will and the lack of awareness) in the anti-smoking legislation in Guangzhou that are problematic. Finally, this project discusses what can we learn from other countries' legislative experiences, including making clear definitions of key terms in anti-smoking laws; change the way of penalty; increasing the regulation of tobacco packaging and increasing the governmental capacity, which aims at proposing some legislative options for a much more effective tobacco control movement in Guangzhou in the future. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

Background: Cardio-and Cerebrovascular Disease Event Surveillance System (CDESS) was established in Guangzhou in 2013. It provided important information of the stroke hospitalization and set up a platform for further research on stroke. Objective: To describe the characteristics of stroke hospitalizations in Class 2 and 3 hospitals, examine crude and standardized hospitalization rates by age, sex and stroke subtypes, identify problems in the first year database through the analysis and make recommendations for further improvements Design: Case-series study Setting: Guangzhou, China Subjects: 32324 stroke hospitalizations in Class 2 and 3 hospitals Methods: Descriptive statistics were used to describe the distributions of stroke hospitalizations by age, sex and subtypes. Chi-square test, One-way ANOVA and two-independent sample t-test were conducted to compare differences in sex and age in total strokes and 3 main subtypes. Crude rates, age- and sex-specific hospitalization rates were calculated using the 2010 Guangzhou Census population. Age-standardized rates were calculated by direct standardization method using the WHO world population. Results: The mean age±SD for total strokes was 70.33±12.26 for all subjects, 68.95±12.56 for men and 72.19±11.59 for women. CBI and the 75-79 year age group accounted for the largest proportions in total strokes. The mean age of women was significantly greater than men for total stroke. The crude hospitalization rate of total strokes was 275.22 for men, 224.16 for women and 250.85 for all. The age-standardized rate of total strokes was 308.2 in men, 202.2 in women and 253.5 in all. Conclusion: Because the stroke hospitalization data combined first-ever and recurrent strokes, incident hospitalization rates could not be calculated. The present study also could not distinguish fatal hospitalizations from nonfatal ones. Hence, bed days and hospital charges analysis would not yield meaningful results. The CDESS needs to be improved by collecting information to clarify whether the hospitalization is first-ever or recurrent, and the survival status at discharge. The mortality data from death registration in CDC should be used to check with CDESS data for stroke death outside the hospitals Community based studies are needed to identify strokes not admitted into Class 2 and 3 hospitals. The problems identified in CDESS or WHO STEP Stroke should be discussed with other hospitals in China, such as Hangzhou and Shanghai so that the problems can be tackled together. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1989.

published_or_final_version / Botany / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Geography / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Philosophy