Regeneration, a spontaneous response of bones in response to injuries, infections and fractures, is severely compromised in certain clinical circumstances. Unfortunately, several shortcomings are associated with the current treatment of bone grafting method such as donor shortage and immune response for allografts and donor morbidity for autografts. Thus, the development of clinical alternates is essential. One promising adjunct method is bone tissue engineering that includes the implantation of a scaffold containing the cells with the supplementation of suitable growth factors. Among the various classes of materials, biodegradable polymers are commonly preferred because their use does not necessitate a secondary surgery for their removal after the intended use. Commercially available polymers such as poly (lactic- co- glycolic acid) and polycaprolactone are expensive and degrade slowly. This motivates the development of novel synthetic biodegradable polymers that are affordable and can be tuned to tailor for specific biomedical applications. The primary aim of this thesis is to synthesize effective biodegradable polymers for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering. The properties of these polymers such as modulus, hydrophobicity and crosslinking etc. were tailored based on the variations in chemical bonds, chain lengths and the molar stoichiometric ratios of the monomers for specific clinical applications. Based on the above variations, degradation and release kinetics were tuned. The cytocompatibilty properties for these polymers were studied and suitable mineralization studies were conducted to determine their potential for bone regeneration.

The synthesis of enantiopure compounds can be achieved by using dehydrogenases as biocatalysts. For instance, reduction reactions of prochiral compounds (ketones, aldehydes and nitriles) into chiral compounds can be achieved by dehydrogenases. These dehydrogenases are cofactor dependent where cofactor is Nicotinamide Adenin Dinucleotite having some restrictions that confines usage of dehydrogenases in organic synthesis including instability of cofactor in water and high cost. Therefore, suitable recycling methods are required and developed which are enzymatic and electrochemical. We will use an electrochemical approach for the regeneration of reduced co-factors. All active compounds / mediator, cofactor and enzyme, will be immobilized on the electrode surface of the constructed reactor surface. Therefore only educts and products will exist in the reactor medium. A gas diffusion electrode will be employed as a counter electrode / which delivers clear protons to the system. Mediator will carry electrons to the cofactor for cofactor regeneration. Then, enzyme will utilize the cofactor and change the substrates to the products in high stereoselectivity. Our aim in this project is the synthesis of mediators and suitable linkers for enzyme, cofactor and mediator immobilization. In the first part of the study, mediators were synthesized which are pentamethylcyclopentadienyl rhodium bipyridine complexes. In the second part of the study, a conductive monomer (SNS) and linker were synthesized for immobilization of the enzyme. In the last part of the study, the reaction of galactitol dehydrogenase with monomer (SNS) was achieved.