The luminosity function of galaxies, the measurement of the space density as a function of luminosity, is an important test of cosmology, galaxy formation and evolution. Unfortunately, there is a factor of two variation in recent measurements of the luminosity function. Most of this variation is due to systematic errors, caused by various selection effects. With two large new surveys, the Two degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, underway it is important to recognise and eliminate these selection effects if we are going to improve our measurement of the luminosity function and fully utilise these surveys. By measuring the space density of galaxies as a function of surface brightness as well as luminosity, a bivariate brightness distribution, we can comprehend many of the selection effects such as light loss, incompleteness and the visibility of galaxies. Since galaxies have a variety of shapes and sizes, a distribution in luminosity and surface brightness helps to separate out different types of galaxy. Correlations between the luminosity and surface brightness place extra constraints on models of galaxy formation and evolution. When we analyse our results, we find that recent surveys that have not taken into account surface brightness selection effects underestimate the luminosity of the bright end by 5-10%. Using the bivariate brightness distribution, we can constrain the luminosity density to a range that varies by < 20% rather than by a factor of 2. We find that the luminosity function is flat over the range -19.5 < M < -17 and then rises sharply as late-type spiral galaxies begin to dominate. The space density does not vary with surface brightness with the result that low surface brightness galaxies are at least as common as normal galaxies. However, low surface brightness galaxies are also intrinsically faint, following the luminosity-surface brightness correlation for spirals, so they do not contribute significantly to the luminosity density.

Lenticular and elliptical galaxies, collectively referred to as "early-type galaxies" (ETGs), are commonly thought to represent the end-points of galaxy evolution. Lying in the red sequence of galaxies, these objects are defined by their mostly old stellar populations and by their "red and dead" appearance in optical observations. Much progress in understanding these objects has been made with integral-field spectroscopy in recent years, with results repeatedly pointing to a link between early-type galaxies and high-redshift spiral galaxies. However, the exact nature of this link remains unclear, with a wide variety of evolution scenarios likely required to fully explain the range of observed early-type galaxy properties. In my study, I analysed observations of twelve early-type galaxies taken with the Mitchell Integral-Field Spectrograph at McDonald Observatory, Texas. These galaxies have previously been found to contain detectable quantities of neutral hydrogen gas, with ten out of the twelve displaying large-scale hydrogen disks. I extracted line-of-sight kinematics of the stellar and ionised gas components of these galaxies, and I used various modelling approaches to constrain their stellar population parameters as well as their three-dimensional mass structure in terms of both dark and visible components. An important feature of this study is the wide field of view of the spectroscopic observations, which reach beyond two half-light radii for almost all of the sample; this remains rare for integral-field unit (IFU) studies of ETGs, and so sets this study apart from most earlier works. The gas-rich nature of the sample is likewise novel. I find all aspects of my analysis to yield a consistent view of these galaxies' evolution, in which one or more gaseous interaction events served to shape them into their observed forms. I find these galaxies to contain low dark matter fractions on average within the inner half-light radius, and I also find mass modelling to favour near-isothermal total density profiles over much of the sample.

Le principal objectif de ce travail est d'étudier les propriétés multi-longueurs d'onde d'un échantillon de galaxies pour mieux comprendre leur formation et leur évolution. J'ai utilisé les observations du Herschel en complément de données multi-longueurs d'onde dans le champ. J'ai réalisé une extraction des sources ponctuelles. Des catalogues de sources ont été générés en utilisant la méthode de l'ajustement de PSF. J'ai utilisé des catalogues SPIRE pour rechercher des candidats de galaxies SMG subissant les effets d'une lentille gravitationnelle. J'ai identifié 6 sources dans la liste principale et 55 sources dans une liste supplémentaire. En utilisant des ajustements de SEDs, j'ai ensuite estimé la distribution de redshifts de ces sources, et avons ensuite mené une analyse pour contraindre les propriétés des poussières. J'ai trouvé qu'il est très probable que ces sources soient des systèmes lensés. Mentionnons que parmi nos candidates, j'ai découvert une source rouge unique dont la SED en infrarouge lointain croît et qui semble être une galaxie sub-mm (SMG) fortement lensée à haut redshift. Ce genre de sources est rare et la plupart sont découvertes par hasard. J'ai soumis des propositions photométriques et spectroscopiques pour mesurer le redshift de cette source, en utilisant des observations continues avec IRAM-Nika2, NOEMA et SMA et des observations spectroscopiques avec le télescope de 30m de l'IRAM, NOEMA et GEMINI-nord. Les observations ont permis de mesurer le redshift de la lentille et de la galaxie lensée. Une autre observation sera exécutée avant la fin de l'année. Les résultats sont très prometteurs mais j'ai encore besoin de plus de données. / The main aim of this work is to study the multi-wavelength properties of a sample of galaxies to better understand their formation and evolution. I used the new observations from GALEX and \textit{Herschel} in combination with multi-wavelength data available in the field. I made point source catalogs extracted from the observations of GALEX, and \textit{Herschel} SPIRE and PACS bands using the method of the PSF fitting. Then I used Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the quality of the photometry process and the catalogs.Then I used SPIRE catalogs to search for candidate gravitationally lensed SMGs at high redshift. I identified 6 sources sources in a main list, and 55 sources in a supplementary list. Using SED fitting, performed with CIGALE code, I estimated the redshift distributions of these sources, and constrained their dust properties. I found that, it is very likely that we have gravitationally lensing systems. It should be mentioned that within our candidates we have discovered a unique red source with a rising Far-IR SED, which appears to be a strongly lensed submillimeter galaxies at z~5.2. This kind of sources are quite rare on the sky and are serendipitously discovered. I proposed some followup photometric and spectroscopy observation to measure the redshift of this sources, using for instance continuum observations with IRAM-Nika2, NOEMA, and SMA, and spectroscopic observation with IRAM 30m telescope, NOEMA, and GEMINI-North. The GEMINI-North observations succeeded in measuring the redshifts of the lens and of the lensed galaxy. One more will be executed at the end of this year. The results is quite promising, but more data are needed.