Various physical and orbital properties of the Galilean satellites, such as the decreasing density with distance and the Laplace resonance, imply an intriguing formation history of the system. With prograde orbits of low inclinations and eccentricities, the satellites are thought to be formed in a circumjovian disk composed of gas and solids. Satellites grew by accreting solids in the disk, and migrated due to disk-satellite interaction, both of which depend on disk properties. In this thesis, the migration of the Galilean satellites was studied, and how satellite migration can possibly help in assembling the satellites into their current Laplace configuration was also investigated. The gas-starved subnebula model by Canup & Ward (2002) and its modified version proposed by Turner et al. (2013) (TLS13) were adopted in this study. Supplied by inflowing materials from the ambient solar nebula, the disk profiles are determined by disk viscosity, disk opacity and the inflow timescale of the supply. Including a temperature-dependent opacity model, the TLS13 disk has non-smooth disk profiles, producing sharp changes in the profile gradients. The disk was assumed to deplete with the dissipation of the solar nebula. Non-isothermal type I regime was adopted in the migration of the satellites. Potential saturation of the corotation torque was also taken into account in the study. It was found that outward migration is possible in our disks, which contrasts with the solely inward migration in the isothermal regime, and that exist positions where the disk torque is zero and satellite migration is stalled. These zero-torque positions evolve with the disk. The non-smooth profile gradients of the TLS13 disk produce multiple zero-torque positions, resulting in interesting migration of the satellites. Using the SyMBA symplectic integrator, simulations for the migration of the satellites were conducted for various disk models and migration regimes. The effect of satellite growth and an inner cavity in the disk on satellite migration was included in this study. To begin with, single-satellite runs were conducted to study the migration behaviours of the individual satellites. Initial locations of the satellites were searched from the results of single-satellite runs, in which Europa has to cross Io’s orbit in most cases. Simulations with multiple satellites were then conducted to search for ways for the satellites to arrive at their current orbital configuration. Various satellite interactions were investigated, including the convergence of Europa and Ganymede into a 2:1 resonance and the effects of earlier-generation satellites. At last, the migration of multiple satellites in a disk with an inner cavity was explored, in which systems with similar orbital configuration as the real Galilean satellites could be reconstructed. Despite this, assembling the satellites into the Laplace resonance by migration due to interaction with a circumjovian disk was found to be difficult, probably due to the intrinsically faster migration of Io over Europa arising from differences in mass and location between the two satellites. / published_or_final_version / Earth Sciences / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (February 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

<p dir="ltr">We present a model describing an impact jetting origin for the formation of chondrules, the mm– scale, igneous components of chondritic meteorites which originated during the first few million years of solar system history. The ubiquity of chondrules in both non-carbonaceous and carbonaceous chondrites suggests their formation persisted throughout the protoplanetary disk, but their formation mechanism is debated and largely unexplored in the outer disk.<b> </b>Using the iSALE2D shock physics code, we generate models of the process of impact jetting during mixed material (dunite and water ice) impacts that mimic accretionary impacts that form giant planet cores. We show that the process of impact jetting provides the conditions necessary to satisfy critical first-order constraints on chondrule characteristics (size, shape, thermal history). We then explore the implications of chondrule formation by impact jetting during the formation of giant planet cores by combining the original results with simulations of giant planet core accretion generated using a Lagrangian Integrator for Planetary Accretion and Dynamics (LIPAD) code.</p><p dir="ltr">The second closest Galilean satellite to Jupiter is Europa, an ocean world with an outer ice shell and subsurface water ocean encapsulating its rocky core. The surface of Europa is covered in double ridges. These features are defined by two topographic highs about 100 meters tall, with a central trough between them, which extend for hundreds of kilometers over the surface of the moon. Accurate models for the formation of features as prominent as double ridges will help to further constrain the interior structure and dynamics of the interior of the body. We use analytical and numerical finite element models to show that the incremental growth of an ice wedge within the ice shell can cause deformation matching the observed size and shape of observed double ridges on Europa. These models indicate that the total height and width of the ridges correspond to the depth of the wedge, so that deeper wedges create shorter and broader ridges. We consider different sources for the wedge material and ultimately argue in favor of local sources of liquid water within the ice shell.</p>

Submitted by Ricardo Aparecido de Moraes (ricardo.moraes07@gmail.com) on 2018-05-18T19:00:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 diss.pdf: 66909549 bytes, checksum: 4760a79275fcbb266e054bab38611e16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br) on 2018-05-18T19:16:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_ra_dr_guara.pdf: 66909549 bytes, checksum: 4760a79275fcbb266e054bab38611e16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-18T19:16:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_ra_dr_guara.pdf: 66909549 bytes, checksum: 4760a79275fcbb266e054bab38611e16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A formação de satélites em um disco circumplanetário é tida como sendo similar a formação de planetas em um disco protoplanetário, especialmente super Terras rochosas. Dessa forma, é possível utilizar sistemas com satélites massivos para se testar teorias de formação que podem ser aplicadas à planetas extrassolares. Um melhor entendimento sobre a origem dos satélite nos dará importantes informações sobre a vizinhança do planeta durante suas últimas fases de formação. Neste trabalho nós utilizamos simulações de N-corpos e hidrodinâmicas para investigar a formação e migração dos satélites galileanos. Nos modelos de N-corpos nós simulamos um disco circumplanetário estático (sem a entrada de material vindo de fontes externas), com baixa viscosidade, onde a ação do disco gasoso sobre os satélites foi aproximada a partir de prescrições analíticas para a migração do tipo I e o amortecimento da excentricidade e inclinação. O disco de gás é representado por um perfil de densidade superficial radial. Um estudo detalhado sobre os parâmetros do disco mostraram que o número final de satélites é muito influenciado pela distribuição inicial dos embriões e pelo perfil inicial da nébula gasosa. Para distribuições de gás com baixa dependência radial a formação de satélites massivos próximos da região dos satélites galileanos é favorecida. Ainda, mostramos que a formação de satélites tão massivos quanto Ganímedes e Calisto pode ser atingida apenas em discos mais quentes, onde a linha do gelo está inicialmente localizada em torno de 30 RJ . Em nossas simulações hidrodinâmicas foram testadas diferentes condições de contorno, distribuição superficial de gás e de temperatura para o disco circumplanetário. Nossos resultados indicam que Júpiter ainda acretava material durante a migração dos satélites galileanos, os satélites migraram em um regime do tipo I na maior parte de sua evolução e a probabilidade de formação de satélites massivos entre os satélites galileanos é baixíssima, nesse caso se mais satélites se formassem no disco joviano sua massa deveria ser menor do que a observada para os satélites galileanos / The formation of satellite systems in circumplanetary disks is believed to be similar to the formation of rocky planets in a protoplanetary disk, especially Super-Earths. In this way, it is possible to use massive satellite systems to test the theories of planetary formation. A better understanding of the satellites origin could give important informations about the environment near the forming planet during its late stages of formation. In this work we used N-body and hydrodynamic simulations to study the formation and migration of the Galilean satellites. With the N-body models with simulated a static, low viscous circumplanetary disk, where the actions of the gaseous disk was modeled using analytical prescriptions for the type I migration, eccentricity and inclination damping. A detailed study of the disk parameters showed that the final number of satellites is strongly influenced by the initial distribution of the embryos and by the initial gas density profile. For flatter gas distributions the formation of massive satellites close to the region of the Galilean satellites. Furthermore, we show that the formation of satellites as massive as Ganymede and Callisto can be achieved only in hotter disks, where the ice line is initially located around 30 RJ . In our hydrodynamic simulations we tested different boundary conditions, gas density distributions and temperature distribution for the circumplanetary disk. Our results indicate that Jupiter was still forming during the period of migration of the Galilean satellites, the satellites migrated in a type I regime for most part of their evolution and the probability of formation of massive satellites between the Galilean satellites is very low, in this case if more satellites were formed in the Jovian disk, the mass of these bodies should be smaller that what is observed for the Galilean satellites / 2013/24281-9