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(English) Antoine Marie Garin (1810-1889) was a French Marist priest in charge of a mission station among the Maori people in Mangakahia (Northland) from 1843 to 1847. His personal diary, his ‘Notes de mission’ for the 1844-6 period, is a testimony to his years spent with the Maori and gives a day-to-day account of his evangelisation work. The individual reactions of the people he relates to, especially the Maori people, are reproduced with great care. The value of the document stems mainly from the careful record of the words and thoughts of the persons who Garin meets or the persons he lives with during his work. The quotations, often written in the original language, show the author’s desire to keep and reproduce the point of view of the Other. The sacred task of Garin was to convert the Maori people to Catholic Christianity, but his attitude towards evangelisation was relatively open for a nineteenth-century religious man. Although Garin did not exploit these ‘Notes’ for any published work about his mission, they were the documentary basis for a lecture he gave in 1876 in Nelson about the events of the Hone Heke war which Garin observed in 1845-6. Antoine Garin’s diary is also very interesting for its picture of the mission life of a French Catholic priest living in a Maori world shortly after the Treaty of Waitangi was signed in 1840, at a time when some Maori people were beginning to realise what the Treaty actually meant in their lives. The missionary work of these early French pioneers in the Maori mission is barely known. Finally, the ‘Notes de mission’ are an incredible testimony to Maori life and thought–processes at a time when Maori people were facing a flow of new ideas, new ways of living and new behaviours brought by the Europeans. This document, far from reproducing a culture from the outside, is an attempt to understand in depth and express the thinking of the Other. It will be analysed in the context of a modern post-colonial reading. A careful reading shows that cultural contact between European and Indigenous people was not a one-way process, but involved a two-way relationship in which the two sides of the contact were each involved in transformation and re-interpretation. This thesis presents a transcription of the ‘Notes de mission’ from the original manuscript for the years 1844 to 1846, along with explanatory notes on the text and its variations. Analytical chapters aim to place the document in the context of Garin’s life, the Catholic mission in New Zealand, the Maori reaction to Christianity in the nineteenth century, the events of 1845-6 and the methodology of writing a private journal. / (French) Antoine Marie Garin (1810-1889) était un prêtre missionnaire mariste chargé de la mission maorie de Mangakahia (Northland) de 1843 à 1847. Son journal personnel, intitulé « Notes de mission », pour la période 1844-6, est le témoin de ces années passées parmi les Maoris et retrace au jour le jour son travail d’évangélisation. Les réactions individuelles de ses interlocuteurs, surtout des personnes maories, y sont notées avec soin. L’intérêt du document réside principalement dans l’enregistrement minutieux des paroles des individus que Garin rencontre ou avec lesquelles il vit. Les citations, souvent faites dans la langue d’origine de l’interlocuteur, reflètent la volonté de l’auteur de conserver et de reproduire le point de vue de l’Autre. La mission sacrée de Garin était la conversion des Maoris, mais son attitude vis-à-vis de l’évangélisation était relativement ouverte pour un homme de religion du dix-neuvième siècle. Alors que Garin n’a pas utilisé ces Notes pour la publication d’un ouvrage sur son travail de mission, elles ont servi de source documentaire à une conférence qu’il a donné en 1876 à Nelson sur les événements de la guerre de Hone Heke et Kawiti dont Garin fut en partie le témoin. Le journal de Garin est intéressant aussi pour le rapport de la vie de mission d’un prêtre catholique français immergé dans le monde maori, peu après le Traité de Waitangi de 1840 et lors de la première prise de conscience, par une partie de la population maorie, de ses conséquences. Le travail missionnaire de ces pionniers de la mission maorie est peu ou mal connu. Enfin, ces Notes sont un témoignage exemplaire de la vie et de la pensée maories à une période où elle était confrontée à un afflux d’idées, de manières et d’attitudes nouvelles apportées par la présence européenne. Ce document, loin de dépeindre une autre culture de l’extérieur, est une tentative de comprendre en profondeur et d’exprimer la pensée de l’Autre. Il sera interprété dans le contexte d’une lecture post-colonialiste moderne. Une lecture attentive révèle que le contact entre Européen et peuple indigène n’est nullement un processus à sens unique, mais qu’il implique une relation à double sens, dans lequel les deux côtés des contacts sont eux-mêmes invariablement transformés. Cette thèse présente une transcription du texte manuscrit des « Notes de mission » pour les années 1844 à 1846, accompagnée de notes explicatives sur le texte et ses variations. Des chapitres analytiques visent à replacer le document dans le contexte de la vie de Garin, la mission catholique en Nouvelle-Zélande, la réaction maorie au christianisme au dix-neuvième siècle, les évènements de 1845-6 et la méthodologie d’écriture d’un journal personnel.

The image of the child has always been used for ideological purposes in national cinemas around the world. For instance, in Iranian cinema representations of children are often utilized to minimise the political risk involved in making radical statements, while in Brazilian and Italian cinemas children’s portrayal has disputed the idealized concept of childhood’s innocence. In Indonesian cinema, internationally acclaimed director Garin Nugroho is the only filmmaker who has presented children as the main focus of narratives that are oppositional to mainstream and state-sponsored ideologies. Yet, even though his films have been critically identified as key, breakthrough works in Indonesian cinema, no research so far has specifically focused on the representation of children in his films. / Consequently, because Garin Nugroho has consistently placed child characters in central roles in his films, the discussion in this thesis focuses on the ideological and discursive implications of his cinematic depiction of children. With the central question regarding the construction of children’s identities in Garin’s films, the thesis analyzes in detail four of these films, dedicating an entire chapter to each one of them, and with the last one being specifically addressed in cinematic essay form. The films discussed are Surat untuk Bidadari (Letter to an Angel, 1993), Aku Ingin Menciummu Sekali Saja (2000), Rindu Kami Padamu (Of Love and Eggs,2004) and Daun di Atas Bantal (Leaf on a Pillow,1997). / The textual analysis of films that is carried out is framed by two key ideas: firstly, Garin’s position as an auteur and, secondly, the specific ways in which he deploys representations of children against mainstream discursive constructions in Indonesia. Following the argument that Garin has used a form of ‘strategic intervention’ to explore particular political issues in Indonesia (Hanan 2004), the thesis identifies ways in which Garin deconstructs children’s images and provides alternatives to dominant discourses on childhood in Indonesia. Through the analysis of selected films, the thesis reveals that while the identities of children are constructed in his films against the idealized image of Indonesian children, they are also utilized by him to convey more broadly his political views about Indonesia.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2005. / Typescript (photocopy). Abstract in English and French. Includes bibliographical references (p. 857-882). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Möglicherweise in Pont-à-Mousson in Lothringen geboren, zog Garin von Sion um 1085 nach Molesme und beteiligte sich 1093/94 an der Gründung von Notre-Dame d’Aulps, wo er Anfang der 1110er Jahre Abt wurde. Unter dem Einfluss von Bernhard von Clairvaux wurde seine Abtei 1136 in die Zisterzienserbewegung überführt. In hohem Alter wurde er Bischof von Sion. Am 25. Mai 1148 nahm er an der Weihe der Kathedrale Saint-Maurice durch Papst Eugen III. teil. G. pflegte bis zu seinem Tod eine enge Verbindung zu seinem Kloster in Aulps. Er starb auf der Reise dorthin. G. wurde nicht heiliggesprochen, doch sein Grab in Aulps ist seit der zweiten Hälfte des 12. Jahrhunderts ein Pilgerziel. / Perhaps born in Pont-à-Mousson in Lorraine, G. entered Molesme around 1085 and participated in the foundation of Notre-Dame d’Aulps in 1093/94, where he became abbot in the early 1110s. Influenced by Bernard of Clairvaux, his abbey was transferred into the Cistercian movement in 1136. He became Bishop of Sion at a high age. On 25 May 1148, he attended Pope Eugene III’s consecration of the cathedral of Saint-Maurice. G. maintained close ties with his monastery in Aulps until his death. He died while travelling there. G. was not canonized, but his grave in Aulps has been a destination for pilgrims since the second half of the 12th c.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2009. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (p. 436-459). Also available via the World Wide Web.